1 00:00:16,015 --> 00:00:18,051 >> GOOD AFTERNOON, WELCOME TO 2 00:00:18,051 --> 00:00:20,620 THE WATCH ON BOARD BRIEFING FROM 3 00:00:20,620 --> 00:00:23,690 NASA'S KENNEDY SPACE CENTER IN 4 00:00:23,690 --> 00:00:25,425 FLORIDA. 5 00:00:25,425 --> 00:00:29,062 I'M TABITHA THOMPSON. 6 00:00:29,062 --> 00:00:31,498 TO HELP US RECOGNIZE PARTICLES 7 00:00:31,498 --> 00:00:33,233 TO RESEARCH THAT COULD LEAD TO 8 00:00:33,233 --> 00:00:34,701 DRUG THERAPIES. 9 00:00:34,701 --> 00:00:38,772 WE'LL HIT A FEW HIGHLIGHTS WITH 10 00:00:38,772 --> 00:00:39,906 THE RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS 11 00:00:39,906 --> 00:00:42,442 HEADED TO NASA SPACE EXPLORATION 12 00:00:42,442 --> 00:00:44,544 TO THE CARGO MISSION TO THE 13 00:00:44,544 --> 00:00:46,179 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION. 14 00:00:46,179 --> 00:00:48,615 FIRST IP, FOR AN INTERVIEW, 15 00:00:48,615 --> 00:00:51,151 WE'LL HEAR FROM KEN FIELDS AND 16 00:00:51,151 --> 00:00:53,620 PETE HASBROOK, ASSOCIATE 17 00:00:53,620 --> 00:00:55,688 SCIENTISTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL 18 00:00:55,688 --> 00:00:56,623 SPACE PROGRAM. 19 00:00:56,623 --> 00:01:00,360 AND KEN IS A THE, FOR THE 20 00:01:00,360 --> 00:01:02,328 SCIENCE IN SPACE. 21 00:01:02,328 --> 00:01:04,431 >> THANK YOU, TABITHA. 22 00:01:04,431 --> 00:01:07,033 >> THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE 23 00:01:07,033 --> 00:01:07,434 TODAY. 24 00:01:07,434 --> 00:01:09,002 THANKS TO THE PEOPLE, WATCHING 25 00:01:09,002 --> 00:01:11,337 ON LINE, NASA TV AND SOCIAL 26 00:01:11,337 --> 00:01:11,671 MEDIA. 27 00:01:11,671 --> 00:01:13,239 THESE BRIEFINGS ARE REALLY FUN 28 00:01:13,239 --> 00:01:14,541 FOR US TO DO. 29 00:01:14,541 --> 00:01:17,277 I'M GLAD TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY, 30 00:01:17,277 --> 00:01:19,679 TO TELL YOU THE COOL STUFF NOT 31 00:01:19,679 --> 00:01:21,848 ONLY IN THE SPACE X DRAGON 32 00:01:21,848 --> 00:01:22,615 LAUNCH, BUT SOMETHING WE'RE 33 00:01:22,615 --> 00:01:25,618 DOING ON THE ISS IN PARTICULAR. 34 00:01:25,618 --> 00:01:28,354 THE DRAGON VEHICLE AND FALCON 35 00:01:28,354 --> 00:01:29,556 LAUNCHER ARE VERY IMPORTANT. 36 00:01:29,556 --> 00:01:31,925 THE DRAGON GIVES US PRESSURIZED 37 00:01:31,925 --> 00:01:32,258 CARGO. 38 00:01:32,258 --> 00:01:34,561 IT BRINGS US EXTERNAL CARGO, 39 00:01:34,561 --> 00:01:37,363 WHAT WE CALL UNPRESSURIZED 40 00:01:37,363 --> 00:01:37,697 CARGO. 41 00:01:37,697 --> 00:01:39,365 ALMOST MORE IMPORTANTLY, 42 00:01:39,365 --> 00:01:41,234 BRINGING HOME SCIENCE SAMPLES. 43 00:01:41,234 --> 00:01:43,036 THAT'S A KEY CAPABILITY FOR US 44 00:01:43,036 --> 00:01:44,537 TO STUDY THINGS INTO SPACE AND 45 00:01:44,537 --> 00:01:47,407 BRING THEM HOME AND STUDY THEM 46 00:01:47,407 --> 00:01:50,076 MORE THOROUGHLY ON THE EARTH. 47 00:01:50,076 --> 00:01:51,711 TOMORROW'S DRAGON LAUNCH WILL 48 00:01:51,711 --> 00:01:54,848 HAVE ON THE ORDER OF 2200 49 00:01:54,848 --> 00:01:56,249 KILOGRAMS OF CARGO GOING UP. 50 00:01:56,249 --> 00:02:00,320 THAT INCLUDES THE EXTERNAL 51 00:02:00,320 --> 00:02:00,687 PAYLOAD. 52 00:02:00,687 --> 00:02:01,988 YOU'LL HEAR MORE ON THAT LATER 53 00:02:01,988 --> 00:02:05,558 FROM THE PROJECT MANAGER. 54 00:02:05,558 --> 00:02:08,027 AND WE'VE GOT OVER 2 TONS OF 55 00:02:08,027 --> 00:02:09,896 SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS LAUNCHING 56 00:02:09,896 --> 00:02:10,263 TOMORROW. 57 00:02:10,263 --> 00:02:13,233 AND 30 DAYS LATER, SEPTEMBER 58 00:02:13,233 --> 00:02:15,268 17TH, IS THE UNBIRTHING DATE. 59 00:02:15,268 --> 00:02:18,404 THE DRAGON WILL BRING HOME 1200 60 00:02:18,404 --> 00:02:19,472 KILOGRAMS OF SCIENTIFIC CARGO 61 00:02:19,472 --> 00:02:21,774 FOR US, IN ADDITION TO THE OTHER 62 00:02:21,774 --> 00:02:23,243 CARGO IT WILL BE BRINGING HOME. 63 00:02:23,243 --> 00:02:27,247 THE ISS IN SPACE IS A 64 00:02:27,247 --> 00:02:28,381 MULTIDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY. 65 00:02:28,381 --> 00:02:30,149 IT'S A NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR 66 00:02:30,149 --> 00:02:30,750 THE U.S. 67 00:02:30,750 --> 00:02:33,386 IT'S AN INTERNATIONAL LABORATORY 68 00:02:33,386 --> 00:02:35,755 MADE UP OF THE FIVE PARTNER 69 00:02:35,755 --> 00:02:37,690 AGENCIES, 15 PARTNERS 70 00:02:37,690 --> 00:02:38,191 PARTICIPATING. 71 00:02:38,191 --> 00:02:40,026 IN ANY ONE TIME WE HAVE HUNDREDS 72 00:02:40,026 --> 00:02:41,427 OF EXPERIMENTS. 73 00:02:41,427 --> 00:02:44,230 RIGHT NOW IT'S IN THE ORDER OF 74 00:02:44,230 --> 00:02:45,965 250 DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS. 75 00:02:45,965 --> 00:02:49,135 OUT OF THOSE, THE CREW DOESN'T 76 00:02:49,135 --> 00:02:49,702 OPERATE ALL. 77 00:02:49,702 --> 00:02:51,304 MANY ARE COMMANDED FROM THE 78 00:02:51,304 --> 00:02:51,638 GROUND. 79 00:02:51,638 --> 00:02:53,840 IN SOME CASES, THE CREW IS THE 80 00:02:53,840 --> 00:02:58,144 SUBJECT OF THE BIOMED CAL 81 00:02:58,144 --> 00:02:58,545 RESEARCH. 82 00:02:58,545 --> 00:03:00,079 A VERY BROAD SPECTRUM OF 83 00:03:00,079 --> 00:03:01,180 RESEARCH WE DO. 84 00:03:01,180 --> 00:03:03,149 UNLIKE A LAB ON THE GROUND THAT 85 00:03:03,149 --> 00:03:05,952 MAY FOCUS ON ONE TYPE OF SCIENCE 86 00:03:05,952 --> 00:03:08,454 AND MAYBE SPECIFICALLY ON A 87 00:03:08,454 --> 00:03:09,589 DISCIPLINE IN ONE PART OF THE 88 00:03:09,589 --> 00:03:09,956 SCIENCE. 89 00:03:09,956 --> 00:03:11,758 WE GO ACROSS THE BOARD. 90 00:03:11,758 --> 00:03:14,060 WE CATEGORIZE IT IN DIFFERENT 91 00:03:14,060 --> 00:03:16,796 AREAS, BIO TECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, 92 00:03:16,796 --> 00:03:19,766 EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE, HUMAN 93 00:03:19,766 --> 00:03:22,302 RESEARCH, FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL 94 00:03:22,302 --> 00:03:22,669 SCIENCES. 95 00:03:22,669 --> 00:03:23,570 WE HAVE TECHNOLOGY 96 00:03:23,570 --> 00:03:24,237 DEMONSTRATION, TAKE YOUR 97 00:03:24,237 --> 00:03:26,272 HARDWARE TO SPACE AND SEE HOW IT 98 00:03:26,272 --> 00:03:28,374 OPERATES IN MICRO GRAVITY. 99 00:03:28,374 --> 00:03:30,209 FINALLY, WE DO EDUCATION AND 100 00:03:30,209 --> 00:03:30,610 OUTREACH. 101 00:03:30,610 --> 00:03:31,844 IN THE COURSE OF THE HISTORY OF 102 00:03:31,844 --> 00:03:36,249 THE ISS, WE WILL BE ABOUT 17 103 00:03:36,249 --> 00:03:38,384 YEARS CONTINUOUSLY INHABITED 104 00:03:38,384 --> 00:03:39,052 COMING THIS NOVEMBER. 105 00:03:39,052 --> 00:03:42,021 BY THE WAY, THERE'S A WHOLE 106 00:03:42,021 --> 00:03:42,822 GENERATION OUT THERE OF YOUNG 107 00:03:42,822 --> 00:03:44,123 PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN ALIVE AND 108 00:03:44,123 --> 00:03:45,658 NEVER KNOWN A TIME WHEN WE 109 00:03:45,658 --> 00:03:47,860 DIDN'T HAVE ASTRONAUTS LIVING 110 00:03:47,860 --> 00:03:49,162 PERMANENTLY IN SPACE. 111 00:03:49,162 --> 00:03:51,364 OVER THE COURSE OF THE 17-PLUS 112 00:03:51,364 --> 00:03:53,633 YEARS, WE'VE DONE OVER 2300 113 00:03:53,633 --> 00:03:55,835 DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTS ON THE 114 00:03:55,835 --> 00:03:56,135 ISS. 115 00:03:56,135 --> 00:03:59,539 THAT'S ACROSS THE PARTNERSHIP. 116 00:03:59,539 --> 00:04:01,507 WE'VE SERVED OVER 33 HUNDRED 117 00:04:01,507 --> 00:04:04,110 SCIENTISTS WHO ARE THE LEAD 118 00:04:04,110 --> 00:04:07,246 PRINCIPAL OR COINVESTIGATOR FOR 119 00:04:07,246 --> 00:04:08,181 RESEARCH AND SOMEWHERE AROUND 120 00:04:08,181 --> 00:04:11,651 100 COUNTRIES THAT PARTICIPATED 121 00:04:11,651 --> 00:04:12,318 OVER THE TIME. 122 00:04:12,318 --> 00:04:16,022 OUR GOALS FOR THE ISS TO 123 00:04:16,022 --> 00:04:16,823 ACKNOWLEDGE THE NATURAL WORLD 124 00:04:16,823 --> 00:04:17,357 AROUND US. 125 00:04:17,357 --> 00:04:20,960 WE'RE PAVING THE WAY FOR FUTURE 126 00:04:20,960 --> 00:04:22,795 SPACE EXPLORATION, NOT JUST WITH 127 00:04:22,795 --> 00:04:25,365 HUMANS BUT THE INTERNATIONAL 128 00:04:25,365 --> 00:04:27,834 PARTNERSHIP AS WELL AM WE ARE 129 00:04:27,834 --> 00:04:30,203 EXPANDING THE COMMERCIAL MARKET, 130 00:04:30,203 --> 00:04:31,437 SPACE STATION RUN BY THE 131 00:04:31,437 --> 00:04:33,539 GOVERNMENTS IS NOT GOING TO BE 132 00:04:33,539 --> 00:04:34,407 THERE FOREVER. 133 00:04:34,407 --> 00:04:36,376 WE KNOW THERE'S A GREAT DESIRE 134 00:04:36,376 --> 00:04:37,510 FOR COMMERCIAL PRESENCE IN 135 00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:37,844 SPACE. 136 00:04:37,844 --> 00:04:39,412 WE'RE WAIVING THE WAY NOT JUST 137 00:04:39,412 --> 00:04:46,185 FOR ROCKETS AND CARGO, BUT WITH 138 00:04:46,185 --> 00:04:48,221 THE HARDWARE WORKING WITH THE 139 00:04:48,221 --> 00:04:48,655 SCIENTISTS. 140 00:04:48,655 --> 00:04:50,490 WE'RE LOOKING TO IMPROVE LIFE ON 141 00:04:50,490 --> 00:04:52,158 EARTH BY WORKING OFF THE EARTH. 142 00:04:52,158 --> 00:04:53,726 KEN WILL TELL YOU MORE ABOUT THE 143 00:04:53,726 --> 00:04:54,127 SCIENCE. 144 00:04:54,127 --> 00:04:56,029 I'LL TELL YOU MORE ON WHAT'S 145 00:04:56,029 --> 00:04:57,830 GOING ON IN THE SPACE STATION 146 00:04:57,830 --> 00:04:58,197 PROGRAM. 147 00:04:58,197 --> 00:05:02,835 WE HAVE EXTENDED PEGGY WISTON, 148 00:05:02,835 --> 00:05:05,104 ON BOARD, WHO WAS EXTENDED ABOUT 149 00:05:05,104 --> 00:05:05,738 THREE MONTHS. 150 00:05:05,738 --> 00:05:07,940 THAT PUTS HER IN THE SAME 151 00:05:07,940 --> 00:05:09,909 DURATION, ALMOST AS LONG AS 152 00:05:09,909 --> 00:05:15,081 SCOTT KELLY, AND KYLE COENGO. 153 00:05:15,081 --> 00:05:17,583 PEGGY WAS ALREADY PARTICIPATING 154 00:05:17,583 --> 00:05:19,686 IN THE FLUIDSHIP EXPERIMENT. 155 00:05:19,686 --> 00:05:21,154 AND NOW BY CONTINUING TO DO 156 00:05:21,154 --> 00:05:23,589 THAT, SHE'S NOW A DATA POINT IN 157 00:05:23,589 --> 00:05:26,793 THE YEAR LONG-TYPE OF STUDY. 158 00:05:26,793 --> 00:05:29,095 SHE'S CONTINUING THE BIOMED CAL 159 00:05:29,095 --> 00:05:29,462 RESEARCH. 160 00:05:29,462 --> 00:05:31,531 AND AFTER SHE LAND IN EARLY 161 00:05:31,531 --> 00:05:33,199 SEPTEMBER, WE HAVE A NEW CREW 162 00:05:33,199 --> 00:05:36,069 LAUNCHING IN A SOYUZ IN MIDDLE 163 00:05:36,069 --> 00:05:39,338 SEPTEMBER, THAT WILL KEEP US 164 00:05:39,338 --> 00:05:42,675 WITH FOUR USSO CREW MEMBERS. 165 00:05:42,675 --> 00:05:44,911 YOU MAY REMEMBER, WE'VE BEEN 166 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:46,512 WITH THREE, WITH EUROPEAN AND 167 00:05:46,512 --> 00:05:47,747 JAPANESE PARTNERS. 168 00:05:47,747 --> 00:05:49,348 WITH THE CHANGE IN THE RUSSIAN 169 00:05:49,348 --> 00:05:51,417 CREW PLANNING, WE HAVE THE 170 00:05:51,417 --> 00:05:53,853 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE FOUR CREW 171 00:05:53,853 --> 00:05:54,554 MEMBERS. 172 00:05:54,554 --> 00:05:56,723 WE'VE BEEN LOOKING FORWARD WITH 173 00:05:56,723 --> 00:06:00,493 THIS FOR A LONG TIME WITH MORE 174 00:06:00,493 --> 00:06:01,561 CREW LAUNCHING WITH FOUR MEMBERS 175 00:06:01,561 --> 00:06:04,831 MUCH AND WITH PEGGY'S LEADERSHIP 176 00:06:04,831 --> 00:06:06,365 AND IT'S REALLY HARD TO KEEP UP 177 00:06:06,365 --> 00:06:08,267 WITH PEGGY, IF YOU FOLLOW PEGGY 178 00:06:08,267 --> 00:06:08,634 AT ALL. 179 00:06:08,634 --> 00:06:10,837 AND AM COULDING IN SEPTEMBER, 180 00:06:10,837 --> 00:06:12,238 WITH THE NEXT SOYUZ LAUNCHES IN 181 00:06:12,238 --> 00:06:14,207 THE NEXT YEAR, WE'LL BE AT FOUR 182 00:06:14,207 --> 00:06:14,507 CREW. 183 00:06:14,507 --> 00:06:16,442 WHAT IT DOES, IT DOUBLES THE 184 00:06:16,442 --> 00:06:18,711 CREW TIME THAT WE CAN DEVOTE TO 185 00:06:18,711 --> 00:06:19,078 SCIENCE. 186 00:06:19,078 --> 00:06:21,614 WE'VE GOT EVERYTHING COVERED, 187 00:06:21,614 --> 00:06:22,749 MEDICAL, STOYAGE AND THE SCIENCE 188 00:06:22,749 --> 00:06:24,183 WE DO TODAY. 189 00:06:24,183 --> 00:06:27,587 THAT CREW MEMBER'S TIME WILL GO 190 00:06:27,587 --> 00:06:28,821 DISTRIBUTED TOTALLY TO SCIENCE 191 00:06:28,821 --> 00:06:31,057 FOR US, WHICH IS A GREAT THING. 192 00:06:31,057 --> 00:06:32,625 PART OF THE MESSAGE THAT WE HAVE 193 00:06:32,625 --> 00:06:34,494 HERE IS THAT IF YOU ARE A 194 00:06:34,494 --> 00:06:36,229 RESEARCHER AND YOU EVER THOUGHT 195 00:06:36,229 --> 00:06:38,664 SPACE IS TOO COMPLICATED, KEN 196 00:06:38,664 --> 00:06:40,566 WILL TAKE CARE OF THE 197 00:06:40,566 --> 00:06:41,234 COMPLICATIONS FOR YOU. 198 00:06:41,234 --> 00:06:42,201 WE HAVE THE TIME. 199 00:06:42,201 --> 00:06:44,203 IT'S A GREAT TIME TO DO THE 200 00:06:44,203 --> 00:06:45,705 RESEARCH ON SPACE STATION. 201 00:06:45,705 --> 00:06:47,774 SOME OF THE OTHER THINGS GOING 202 00:06:47,774 --> 00:06:51,077 ON SCIENTIFICALLY IN NASA, HAS 203 00:06:51,077 --> 00:06:53,279 ANYONE HEARD THERE WILL BE AN 204 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:57,116 ECLIPSE A WEEK FROM MONDAY? 205 00:06:57,116 --> 00:06:57,517 GOOD. 206 00:06:57,517 --> 00:06:59,685 YOU ARE PLUGGED IN. 207 00:06:59,685 --> 00:07:01,087 ISS CREW WILL BE ABLE TO SEE IT 208 00:07:01,087 --> 00:07:02,054 AS WELL. 209 00:07:02,054 --> 00:07:04,257 THE FIRST PASS WILL BE OVER THE 210 00:07:04,257 --> 00:07:04,857 PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 211 00:07:04,857 --> 00:07:06,425 THEY WILL BE ABLE TO SEE THE 212 00:07:06,425 --> 00:07:07,860 ECLIPSE, THE MOON IN FRONT OF 213 00:07:07,860 --> 00:07:08,361 THE SUN. 214 00:07:08,361 --> 00:07:11,197 THE SHADOW WILL NOT HAVE HIT THE 215 00:07:11,197 --> 00:07:13,232 NORTH AMERICAN PART OF THE EARTH 216 00:07:13,232 --> 00:07:13,533 YET. 217 00:07:13,533 --> 00:07:14,934 IN THE SECOND PASS, THEY WILL BE 218 00:07:14,934 --> 00:07:15,868 OVER CANADA. 219 00:07:15,868 --> 00:07:17,770 IF THEY LOOK TO THE SOUTH IN THE 220 00:07:17,770 --> 00:07:18,938 HORIZON, THEY WILL BE ABLE TO 221 00:07:18,938 --> 00:07:21,674 SEE THE SHADOW, DOWN IN 222 00:07:21,674 --> 00:07:22,575 KENTUCKY, TENNESSEE. 223 00:07:22,575 --> 00:07:24,911 IN THE 3RD PASS, THE SHADOW MAY 224 00:07:24,911 --> 00:07:26,245 HAVE SHIFTED TO THE EARTH. 225 00:07:26,245 --> 00:07:27,814 THEY WILL SEE THE MOST FULL OF 226 00:07:27,814 --> 00:07:29,482 THE ECLIPSE THEY'LL SEE. 227 00:07:29,482 --> 00:07:31,384 IT WILL BE ABOUT 85 PERCENT. 228 00:07:31,384 --> 00:07:33,486 THE CREW HAS SPECIAL FILTERS AND 229 00:07:33,486 --> 00:07:34,620 CAMERAS THEY WILL BE USING. 230 00:07:34,620 --> 00:07:38,758 I KNOW A LOT OF PEOPLE WILL DO 231 00:07:38,758 --> 00:07:39,158 THAT. 232 00:07:39,158 --> 00:07:43,596 FOR TIPS, GO TO THE NASA 233 00:07:43,596 --> 00:07:44,030 WEBSITE. 234 00:07:44,030 --> 00:07:48,301 TIPS 2017.NASA.GOV. 235 00:07:48,301 --> 00:07:51,804 AND ONE THING WE'RE PREPARING 236 00:07:51,804 --> 00:07:55,575 FOR YOU ALL A CLEAR PASS IN 237 00:07:55,575 --> 00:07:56,175 KENNEDY. 238 00:07:56,175 --> 00:07:57,810 AND LOOK FOR SOMETHING THAT'S 239 00:07:57,810 --> 00:07:59,478 LIKE AN AIRPLANE IN THE HORIZON. 240 00:07:59,478 --> 00:08:01,981 AS YOU WATCH IT, IT WILL GO 241 00:08:01,981 --> 00:08:06,452 RIGHT OVERHEAD AND DISAPPEAR AND 242 00:08:06,452 --> 00:08:09,722 RIGHT OVERHEAD, GOING TO THE 243 00:08:09,722 --> 00:08:10,556 STATION'S SUNSET. 244 00:08:10,556 --> 00:08:13,960 IF YOU MISS THE TIME, 9:33 LOCAL 245 00:08:13,960 --> 00:08:16,062 NORTHWEST OR LOOK AT IT FROM 246 00:08:16,062 --> 00:08:20,499 ANOTHER CITY, GO TO THE NASA 247 00:08:20,499 --> 00:08:23,836 WEBSITE, SPOT STATION NASA.ORG. 248 00:08:23,836 --> 00:08:24,704 YOU COULD LOOK UP ANY CITY YOU 249 00:08:24,704 --> 00:08:25,104 WANT TO GO. 250 00:08:25,104 --> 00:08:27,106 WITH THAT, BACK TO THE REGULAR 251 00:08:27,106 --> 00:08:27,607 PROGRAM. 252 00:08:27,607 --> 00:08:29,876 WE'RE EXCITED WITH THE SCIENCE 253 00:08:29,876 --> 00:08:33,479 TOMORROW, AND IT WILL ENABLE US 254 00:08:33,479 --> 00:08:35,248 WHEN IT'S UP THERE AND BRING IT 255 00:08:35,248 --> 00:08:36,148 HOME FOR US. 256 00:08:36,148 --> 00:08:39,285 LET'S INTS DUES TO KEN SHIELDS. 257 00:08:39,285 --> 00:08:40,920 >> AND THANK YOU, PETE. 258 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:42,388 IT'S GOING TO BE TOUGH TO FOLLOW 259 00:08:42,388 --> 00:08:43,055 THAT ACT. 260 00:08:43,055 --> 00:08:44,257 I HAVE TO BE HONEST. 261 00:08:44,257 --> 00:08:45,958 WHEN YOU HEAR PETE RUN DOWN THE 262 00:08:45,958 --> 00:08:48,561 LIST OF ACTIVITIES THAT ARE 263 00:08:48,561 --> 00:08:52,365 GOING ON WITH THE ISS, NASA, 264 00:08:52,365 --> 00:08:53,332 INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP AND 265 00:08:53,332 --> 00:08:56,836 WHERE WE ARE TODAY AND WHAT WE 266 00:08:56,836 --> 00:09:00,306 CONTINUE TO. 267 00:09:00,306 --> 00:09:03,442 AND MY NAME IS KEN SHIELDS, 268 00:09:03,442 --> 00:09:04,543 CENTER FOR ADVANCEMENT OF 269 00:09:04,543 --> 00:09:05,244 SCIENCE AND SPACE. 270 00:09:05,244 --> 00:09:07,179 ALSO KNOWN AS CASES. 271 00:09:07,179 --> 00:09:09,782 WE'RE A NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION 272 00:09:09,782 --> 00:09:11,384 THAT MANAGES THE LABORATORY ON 273 00:09:11,384 --> 00:09:12,618 BOARD THE ISS. 274 00:09:12,618 --> 00:09:14,787 WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE A 275 00:09:14,787 --> 00:09:17,056 NATIONAL LABORATORY ON BOARD THE 276 00:09:17,056 --> 00:09:17,490 ISS? 277 00:09:17,490 --> 00:09:20,426 WHAT IT MEANS, IT AFFORDS 278 00:09:20,426 --> 00:09:22,228 ESSENTIALLY ANYONE WITH ACCESS, 279 00:09:22,228 --> 00:09:23,195 PARTICULARLY IN THE UNITED 280 00:09:23,195 --> 00:09:25,498 STATES, TO ACCESS THE ISS. 281 00:09:25,498 --> 00:09:27,600 FOR WHATEVER PURPOSE YOU DEEM 282 00:09:27,600 --> 00:09:28,234 NECESSARY APPROPRIATE. 283 00:09:28,234 --> 00:09:31,103 YOU COULD BE TESTING OUT A 284 00:09:31,103 --> 00:09:32,605 TECHNOLOGY, ADVANCING SOME MAYBE 285 00:09:32,605 --> 00:09:35,308 RESEARCH OR DISCOVERY IN VACCINE 286 00:09:35,308 --> 00:09:36,976 DEVELOPMENT, IMPROVING A 287 00:09:36,976 --> 00:09:37,610 CONSUMER PRODUCT. 288 00:09:37,610 --> 00:09:39,545 IT GOES ON AND ON. 289 00:09:39,545 --> 00:09:41,280 IT'S ALMOST INFINITE WHAT YOU 290 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:43,916 WANT TO DO IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF 291 00:09:43,916 --> 00:09:46,519 MICRO GRAVITY OR EXTREME 292 00:09:46,519 --> 00:09:47,954 ENVIRONMENT OF SPACE. 293 00:09:47,954 --> 00:09:49,255 TODAY, IN A FEW MINUTES, WE HAVE 294 00:09:49,255 --> 00:09:51,757 A VIDEO, WHERE I WILL LET THE 295 00:09:51,757 --> 00:09:53,025 RESEARCHERS TELL YOU ON THEIR 296 00:09:53,025 --> 00:09:54,527 VOICE, WHAT THEY ARE DOING ON 297 00:09:54,527 --> 00:09:56,362 THEIR MISSION, SPACE X 12. 298 00:09:56,362 --> 00:09:57,897 EVERY MISSION WE COME TO, IT 299 00:09:57,897 --> 00:10:00,599 SEEMS LIKE THE PORTFOLIO, 300 00:10:00,599 --> 00:10:01,968 PROJECTS IN THE PIPELINE GETS 301 00:10:01,968 --> 00:10:03,502 MORE AND MORE DIVERSE AND MORE 302 00:10:03,502 --> 00:10:03,970 INTERESTING. 303 00:10:03,970 --> 00:10:05,371 THIS ONE IS NO DIFFERENT 304 00:10:05,371 --> 00:10:06,405 I WOULD LIKE TO TAKE A FEW 305 00:10:06,405 --> 00:10:08,641 MINUTES TO TELL YOU ABOUT THE 306 00:10:08,641 --> 00:10:10,910 ACTUAL CONSTRUCT OF THE NATIONAL 307 00:10:10,910 --> 00:10:12,044 LABORATORY AND HOW THAT INVOLVED 308 00:10:12,044 --> 00:10:13,679 OVER THE YEARS. AND SOME OF THE 309 00:10:13,679 --> 00:10:16,282 THINGS THAT IT IS ENABLING. 310 00:10:16,282 --> 00:10:18,284 FIRST OF ALL, FROM THE NATIONAL 311 00:10:18,284 --> 00:10:19,819 PERSPECTIVE, WE REPRESENT 312 00:10:19,819 --> 00:10:22,021 ORGANIZATION FROM A VERY DIVERSE 313 00:10:22,021 --> 00:10:22,421 BACKGROUND. 314 00:10:22,421 --> 00:10:24,590 WE HAVE RESEARCHERS FROM 315 00:10:24,590 --> 00:10:25,825 INSTITUTIONS, UNIVERSITIES, 316 00:10:25,825 --> 00:10:34,433 PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES. 317 00:10:47,847 --> 00:10:49,949 AND SO, ON THE SUPPLY SIDE, NOT 318 00:10:49,949 --> 00:10:51,784 JUST ON THE USER SIDE, THE 319 00:10:51,784 --> 00:10:53,719 SUPPLY SIDE, WE'RE ENABLING 320 00:10:53,719 --> 00:10:55,521 PRIVATE BUSINESSES TO RUN THEIR 321 00:10:55,521 --> 00:10:57,390 COMPANY ON THE INTERNATIONAL 322 00:10:57,390 --> 00:10:58,958 SPACE STATION. 323 00:10:58,958 --> 00:11:00,559 AND THIS LAUNCH REPRESENTS GREAT 324 00:11:00,559 --> 00:11:01,360 EXAMPLES OF SEVERAL COMPANIES 325 00:11:01,360 --> 00:11:03,262 THAT ARE SUPPORTING SOME 326 00:11:03,262 --> 00:11:03,863 INVESTIGATIONS. 327 00:11:03,863 --> 00:11:06,198 I WILL NAME A FEW EXAMPLES. 328 00:11:06,198 --> 00:11:09,235 YOU WILL SEE MORE IN THE VIDEO. 329 00:11:09,235 --> 00:11:10,936 ONE IS TECH SHOT. 330 00:11:10,936 --> 00:11:13,639 SOME OF THE FOLKS SUPPORT TECH 331 00:11:13,639 --> 00:11:13,939 SHOT. 332 00:11:13,939 --> 00:11:16,075 THEY'VE ALREADY BEEN ON THE 333 00:11:16,075 --> 00:11:21,547 STATION, WITH A BONE DENSOTOM 334 00:11:21,547 --> 00:11:22,214 ETTER. 335 00:11:22,214 --> 00:11:24,383 THEY HAVE DONE 108 SCANS. 336 00:11:24,383 --> 00:11:26,585 THIS IS SOME YEARS AGO, EXPERTS 337 00:11:26,585 --> 00:11:27,787 SAID YOU COULDN'T DO. 338 00:11:27,787 --> 00:11:29,655 IT'S AVAILABLE RIGHT NOW. 339 00:11:29,655 --> 00:11:31,891 WE HAVE NANOACTS. 340 00:11:31,891 --> 00:11:33,659 THEY'VE FLOWN HUNDREDS OF 341 00:11:33,659 --> 00:11:36,695 EXPERIMENTS ON THE ISS AND THEY 342 00:11:36,695 --> 00:11:38,230 HAVE DOZENS ON THE FLIGHT AS 343 00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:38,531 WELL. 344 00:11:38,531 --> 00:11:39,799 WE HAVE BOEING. 345 00:11:39,799 --> 00:11:43,369 BOEING IS A FANTASTIC PARTNER 346 00:11:43,369 --> 00:11:45,738 FOR A WONDERFUL STEM SITUATION, 347 00:11:45,738 --> 00:11:49,008 KNOWN AS GENES ON SPACE. 348 00:11:49,008 --> 00:11:51,744 THEY ARE FLYING THEIR THIRD 349 00:11:51,744 --> 00:11:52,945 SPACE ON MISSION. 350 00:11:52,945 --> 00:11:54,814 THEY ARE FLYING A SECOND 351 00:11:54,814 --> 00:11:56,982 FACILITY IN SPACE X 13 COMING UP 352 00:11:56,982 --> 00:11:59,185 ALSO, FURTHERING GREAT RESEARCH. 353 00:11:59,185 --> 00:12:01,854 LAST AND NOT LEAST, A NEW 354 00:12:01,854 --> 00:12:04,090 FACILITY, LAUNCHING ON SPACE X 355 00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:05,157 10. 356 00:12:05,157 --> 00:12:09,095 IT'S CALLED SPACE TECHNOLOGY. 357 00:12:09,095 --> 00:12:12,031 ACRONYM FOR THEM IS STARS. 358 00:12:12,031 --> 00:12:14,233 AND THE NATIONAL LABORATORY AND 359 00:12:14,233 --> 00:12:16,669 THE PARTNERSHIP WE HAVE WITH 360 00:12:16,669 --> 00:12:19,672 NASA IN CASES, IS NOT ONLY 361 00:12:19,672 --> 00:12:22,174 ENABLING CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH, 362 00:12:22,174 --> 00:12:23,342 IT IS ALSO INVOLVING THE 363 00:12:23,342 --> 00:12:24,577 LABORATORY, SO WE HAVE THE 364 00:12:24,577 --> 00:12:25,811 LATEST AND GREATEST, 365 00:12:25,811 --> 00:12:27,980 CUTTING-EDGE FACILITIES, THAT 366 00:12:27,980 --> 00:12:30,182 MODERN DAY RESEARCH COULD 367 00:12:30,182 --> 00:12:30,616 ACCOMMODATE. 368 00:12:30,616 --> 00:12:32,585 WE'RE FACILITATING BUSINESS IN 369 00:12:32,585 --> 00:12:34,820 SPACE AND FURTHERING THIS GOAL 370 00:12:34,820 --> 00:12:36,188 OF HAVING A LEO COMMERCIAL 371 00:12:36,188 --> 00:12:36,555 MARKET. 372 00:12:36,555 --> 00:12:37,957 SO WITH THAT, WE'LL CUT TO THE 373 00:12:37,957 --> 00:12:39,158 VIDEO RIGHT NOW. 374 00:12:39,158 --> 00:12:40,793 YOU COULD LEARN MORE OF THE 375 00:12:40,793 --> 00:12:42,995 RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL LAB IS 376 00:12:42,995 --> 00:12:47,733 SPONSORING ON SPACE X 12. 377 00:12:47,733 --> 00:12:48,033 . 378 00:12:48,033 --> 00:12:50,369 I'M GREG JOHNSON IN THE 379 00:12:50,369 --> 00:12:51,103 INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION 380 00:12:51,103 --> 00:12:51,770 MISSION CONTROL CENTER. 381 00:12:51,770 --> 00:12:53,339 WE'RE HERE TO HIGHLIGHT THE 382 00:12:53,339 --> 00:12:54,707 INCREDIBLE RESEARCH HEADED TO 383 00:12:54,707 --> 00:12:59,111 THE ISS NATIONAL LAB ABOARD THE 384 00:12:59,111 --> 00:13:02,948 CARGO RESUPPLY MISSION. 385 00:13:02,948 --> 00:13:05,484 THE MICHAEL J. FOX FOUNDATION, 386 00:13:05,484 --> 00:13:12,958 WILL ATTEMPT TO GROW LARGER IN 387 00:13:12,958 --> 00:13:13,526 LAB. 388 00:13:13,526 --> 00:13:15,995 HOUSTON METHODIST RESEARCH 389 00:13:15,995 --> 00:13:19,031 INSTITUTE WILL SEND A STEM CELL, 390 00:13:19,031 --> 00:13:22,801 LOOKING FOR NEW WAYS TO GROW 391 00:13:22,801 --> 00:13:25,171 MICRO TISSUE. 392 00:13:25,171 --> 00:13:31,010 AND PHARMACEUTICAL GIANT, ELI 393 00:13:31,010 --> 00:13:32,178 LILLY, PRODUCE STABILITY IN THE 394 00:13:32,178 --> 00:13:33,345 DRUG PRODUCT. 395 00:13:33,345 --> 00:13:36,148 NEW RESEARCH FACILITY, STARS 1, 396 00:13:36,148 --> 00:13:37,917 WILL MAKE ITS WAY TO THE SPACE 397 00:13:37,917 --> 00:13:39,818 STATION, TO SUPPORT PAYLOADS, 398 00:13:39,818 --> 00:13:42,521 LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH AND 399 00:13:42,521 --> 00:13:44,156 PHYSICAL SCIENCE INVESTIGATION. 400 00:13:44,156 --> 00:13:46,392 FROM FORTUNE 500 COMPANIES TO 401 00:13:46,392 --> 00:13:49,395 INNOVATIVE START-UPS, TO ESTEEM 402 00:13:49,395 --> 00:13:52,431 NON-PROFIT AND ACADEMIC RESEARCH 403 00:13:52,431 --> 00:13:54,800 INSTITUTIONS, THIS MISSION 404 00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:58,737 EXEMPLIFIES THE WIDE RANGING 405 00:13:58,737 --> 00:14:02,508 INSTITUTION IN THE LAB AS AN 406 00:14:02,508 --> 00:14:05,511 INNOVATIVE PLATFORM. 407 00:14:05,511 --> 00:14:07,980 >> SO REALLY TO SUM IT UP, MY 408 00:14:07,980 --> 00:14:10,015 TAKE HOME MESSAGE FOR TODAY'S 409 00:14:10,015 --> 00:14:11,283 TALK, THERE'S NEVER BEEN A 410 00:14:11,283 --> 00:14:12,952 BETTER TIME TO GO AND HAVE 411 00:14:12,952 --> 00:14:14,820 ACCESS TO SPACE AND DO RESEARCH 412 00:14:14,820 --> 00:14:16,288 IN SPACE THAN WHAT WE HAVE 413 00:14:16,288 --> 00:14:16,622 TODAY. 414 00:14:16,622 --> 00:14:19,758 PETE MENTIONED IT IN HIS TALK 415 00:14:19,758 --> 00:14:20,125 EARLIER. 416 00:14:20,125 --> 00:14:22,628 WE'VE GOT UNEQUALED CREW TIME 417 00:14:22,628 --> 00:14:23,395 HONEST HORIZON. 418 00:14:23,395 --> 00:14:25,331 WE HAVE THE TECHNICIANS, 419 00:14:25,331 --> 00:14:26,265 ASTRONAUTS, PEOPLE UP THERE 420 00:14:26,265 --> 00:14:29,835 READY AND WILLING TO GO AND 421 00:14:29,835 --> 00:14:33,672 EXECUTE AND OPERATE 422 00:14:33,672 --> 00:14:35,407 AND WE HAVE EQUAL ACCESS TO THE 423 00:14:35,407 --> 00:14:35,708 ISS. 424 00:14:35,708 --> 00:14:36,942 WE HAVE CUTTING-EDGE FACILITIES 425 00:14:36,942 --> 00:14:39,111 THAT ARE COMING ON LIKE GANG 426 00:14:39,111 --> 00:14:40,779 BUSTERS FROM THE PRIVATE SECTOR. 427 00:14:40,779 --> 00:14:43,382 NOW IS THE TIME TO GO AND TAKE 428 00:14:43,382 --> 00:14:44,717 ADVANTAGE OF THE OPPORTUNITY 429 00:14:44,717 --> 00:14:46,852 ACCESS THIS AWESOME PLATFORM AND 430 00:14:46,852 --> 00:14:48,687 ACCOMPLISH WHAT YOU NEED TO IN 431 00:14:48,687 --> 00:14:51,423 YOUR RESEARCH OBJECTIVES. 432 00:14:51,423 --> 00:14:51,824 THANK YOU. 433 00:14:51,824 --> 00:14:54,526 >> THANK YOU, PETE AND KEN. 434 00:14:54,526 --> 00:14:56,362 THEY WILL STAY HERE IN A COUPLE 435 00:14:56,362 --> 00:14:58,864 OF MINUTES, TO TAKE QUESTIONS. 436 00:14:58,864 --> 00:15:02,101 IF YOU'RE FOLLOWING ALONG WITH 437 00:15:02,101 --> 00:15:05,104 SOCIAL MEDIA. 438 00:15:05,104 --> 00:15:08,907 DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR KEN 439 00:15:08,907 --> 00:15:09,575 OR PETE? 440 00:15:20,386 --> 00:15:18,150 >> 441 00:15:20,386 --> 00:15:21,887 BIOMED CAL RESEARCH? 442 00:15:21,887 --> 00:15:24,857 WHY CAN'T WE DO THAT STUFF ON 443 00:15:24,857 --> 00:15:25,190 EARTH? 444 00:15:25,190 --> 00:15:27,126 >> MAYBE ME AND PETE COULD TAG 445 00:15:27,126 --> 00:15:27,793 TEAM IT. 446 00:15:27,793 --> 00:15:29,595 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT GRAVITY, 447 00:15:29,595 --> 00:15:30,863 IT'S THE DOMINANT FORCE. 448 00:15:30,863 --> 00:15:36,769 YOU COULD THINK OF IT AS A 449 00:15:36,769 --> 00:15:37,169 VARIABLE. 450 00:15:37,169 --> 00:15:39,505 AND THERE'S THINGS YOU COULD DO 451 00:15:39,505 --> 00:15:41,774 IN THE MICRO GRAVITY THAT YOU 452 00:15:41,774 --> 00:15:43,475 WILL OBSERVE THAT THERE'S NO WAY 453 00:15:43,475 --> 00:15:44,877 YOU COULD ACCOMPLISH ON THE 454 00:15:44,877 --> 00:15:45,210 GROUND. 455 00:15:45,210 --> 00:15:48,414 >> THINGS LIKE GROWING PROTEIN 456 00:15:48,414 --> 00:15:50,015 CRYSTALS, THEY WILL GROW LARGE 457 00:15:50,015 --> 00:15:53,385 NER MICRO GRAVITY. 458 00:15:53,385 --> 00:15:55,654 THEY WILL GROW IN THREE 459 00:15:55,654 --> 00:15:56,055 DIMENSIONS. 460 00:15:56,055 --> 00:15:58,590 YOU COULD GET AN IDEA WHAT THE 461 00:15:58,590 --> 00:16:00,859 CRYSTAL IS MADE OF. 462 00:16:00,859 --> 00:16:02,594 ANOTHER THING, YOU COULD STUDY 463 00:16:02,594 --> 00:16:05,864 SPES MINUTES THAT HAVE A SHORTER 464 00:16:05,864 --> 00:16:07,032 LIFE CYCLE. 465 00:16:07,032 --> 00:16:09,268 THEY'VE BEEN STUDIED A LONG TIME 466 00:16:09,268 --> 00:16:09,835 ON THE GROUND. 467 00:16:09,835 --> 00:16:13,038 WE STUDY THEM IN SPACE TO SEE 468 00:16:13,038 --> 00:16:13,872 WHAT WE'VE LEARNED ABOUT THEM IN 469 00:16:13,872 --> 00:16:14,373 THE PAST. 470 00:16:14,373 --> 00:16:15,674 >> DO WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION 471 00:16:15,674 --> 00:16:16,875 FROM THE AUDIENCE? 472 00:16:16,875 --> 00:16:19,244 YOU HAVE A QUESTION IN THE BACK. 473 00:16:19,244 --> 00:16:23,649 PLEASE HOLD YOUR QUESTION UNTIL 474 00:16:23,649 --> 00:16:29,488 THE MIKE GOES TO YOU. 475 00:16:29,488 --> 00:16:31,156 >> HOW OFTEN DO YOU HAVE TO 476 00:16:31,156 --> 00:16:33,792 RESUPPLY THE ISS WITH MATERIALS? 477 00:16:33,792 --> 00:16:34,927 >> WE HAVE A RHYTHM GOING WITH 478 00:16:34,927 --> 00:16:35,928 THE TWO. 479 00:16:35,928 --> 00:16:39,531 SPACE X AND ORBITAL A 2 K. 480 00:16:39,531 --> 00:16:40,966 WE SPREAD THE CARGO VEHICLES 481 00:16:40,966 --> 00:16:42,301 WHERE WE NEED THEM. 482 00:16:42,301 --> 00:16:44,069 SO WE WORK THEM AROUND THINGS 483 00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:47,106 LIKE THE SOYUZ LAUNCH AND 484 00:16:47,106 --> 00:16:48,741 LANDING, WHERE WE ARE ROTATING 485 00:16:48,741 --> 00:16:50,109 CREW MEMBERS. 486 00:16:50,109 --> 00:16:52,211 WE WORK THEM AROUND THINGS LIKE 487 00:16:52,211 --> 00:16:54,613 THERMAL CONSTRAINTS AND SPACE 488 00:16:54,613 --> 00:16:56,115 WALKS, LIKE WE HAVE LATER THIS 489 00:16:56,115 --> 00:16:56,415 WEEK. 490 00:16:56,415 --> 00:16:58,617 I THINK IT'S IN THE ORDER OF 491 00:16:58,617 --> 00:17:00,386 MAYBE SIX TO EIGHT FLIGHTS PER 492 00:17:00,386 --> 00:17:00,686 YEAR. 493 00:17:00,686 --> 00:17:02,321 SPREAD THEM ON THE TWO. 494 00:17:02,321 --> 00:17:05,257 BOTH OF THEM BRING A LOT OF 495 00:17:05,257 --> 00:17:06,191 CARGO TO THE SPACE STATION. 496 00:17:06,191 --> 00:17:08,527 SPACE X IS THE ONE THAT BRINGS 497 00:17:08,527 --> 00:17:10,796 HOME THE CARGO HOME TO US. 498 00:17:10,796 --> 00:17:13,298 WE ROTATE BETWEEN THE TWO. 499 00:17:13,298 --> 00:17:17,302 IT GIVES US REDUNDANCY AND 500 00:17:17,302 --> 00:17:18,103 FLEXIBILITY AS WELL. 501 00:17:18,103 --> 00:17:21,440 >> WE HAVE TIME FOR ONE MORE 502 00:17:21,440 --> 00:17:24,176 QUESTION FROM THE AUDIENCE. 503 00:17:24,176 --> 00:17:25,444 PLEASE HOLD YOUR QUESTION UNTIL 504 00:17:25,444 --> 00:17:26,812 THE MICROPHONE IS WITH YOU? 505 00:17:26,812 --> 00:17:29,181 >> IT'S MORE OF A GENERAL 506 00:17:29,181 --> 00:17:29,548 QUESTION. 507 00:17:29,548 --> 00:17:32,384 I'M CURIOUS ON THE EARTH 508 00:17:32,384 --> 00:17:34,286 SCIENCES THAT HAS GONE UP. 509 00:17:34,286 --> 00:17:36,455 DO YOU RECALL WHAT THE PROJECTS 510 00:17:36,455 --> 00:17:38,023 WERE AND WHAT THEY ARE 511 00:17:38,023 --> 00:17:39,458 REGARDING? 512 00:17:39,458 --> 00:17:41,393 I'M CURIOUS WHAT THE EARTH 513 00:17:41,393 --> 00:17:43,262 SCIENCE PROJECTS ARE LIKE IN THE 514 00:17:43,262 --> 00:17:43,562 ISS? 515 00:17:43,562 --> 00:17:46,432 >> I COULD GIVE YOU A COUPLE OF 516 00:17:46,432 --> 00:17:48,133 EXAMPLES AND PETE DOES ALSO. 517 00:17:48,133 --> 00:17:49,902 IN THE LAST YEAR AND A HALF, 518 00:17:49,902 --> 00:17:52,204 WE'VE SPONSORED AN INVESTIGATION 519 00:17:52,204 --> 00:17:55,174 CALLED TROPICAL CYCLONE. 520 00:17:55,174 --> 00:17:58,510 TROPICAL CYCLONE IS A TEAM OUT 521 00:17:58,510 --> 00:17:59,478 OF THE AREA. 522 00:17:59,478 --> 00:18:01,280 AND LOOKING AT THE TOP CLOUDS OF 523 00:18:01,280 --> 00:18:04,016 CYCLONES AND HURRICANES AND 524 00:18:04,016 --> 00:18:06,084 APPLYING DIFFERENT ALGORITHMS TO 525 00:18:06,084 --> 00:18:09,021 LEARN MORE HOW TO FORECAST, 526 00:18:09,021 --> 00:18:10,656 PARTICULARLY IN REMOTE AREAS OF 527 00:18:10,656 --> 00:18:13,992 THE PLANET THAT DON'T HAVE THE 528 00:18:13,992 --> 00:18:15,661 FORECASTING TOOLS IN THE UNITED 529 00:18:15,661 --> 00:18:15,994 STATES. 530 00:18:15,994 --> 00:18:19,064 AND ONCE AGAIN, WE HAVE A 531 00:18:19,064 --> 00:18:21,800 PRIVATE BOARD ON STATION, CALLED 532 00:18:21,800 --> 00:18:25,337 MUSES, IT'S A FACILITY CLASS 533 00:18:25,337 --> 00:18:28,373 PAYLOAD THAT COULD HAVE EARTH 534 00:18:28,373 --> 00:18:30,309 SENSING PAYLOADS OR PROJECTS 535 00:18:30,309 --> 00:18:33,178 THAT COULD SERVE A NUMBER OF 536 00:18:33,178 --> 00:18:34,646 EARTH SCIENCE DISCIPLINESES. 537 00:18:34,646 --> 00:18:37,883 >> ANOTHER THING THAT CAME TO MY 538 00:18:37,883 --> 00:18:39,985 MIND, ONE IS PSYCH CLOWE, WHEN 539 00:18:39,985 --> 00:18:42,454 YOU TAKE A PICTURE HERE, YOU ARE 540 00:18:42,454 --> 00:18:44,656 PROBABLY GETTING RED, BLUE, 541 00:18:44,656 --> 00:18:46,125 GREEN PICTURES. 542 00:18:46,125 --> 00:18:49,795 HYPER SPECTRUM, OR MANY OF THE 543 00:18:49,795 --> 00:18:52,297 SPECTRA TAKES OVER 100 DIFFERENT 544 00:18:52,297 --> 00:18:52,598 BANS. 545 00:18:52,598 --> 00:18:55,868 FOR EVERY PIXEL YOU SEE, WE SEE 546 00:18:55,868 --> 00:18:56,435 100 COLORS. 547 00:18:56,435 --> 00:18:58,504 WE HAD THAT MOUNTED IN THE 548 00:18:58,504 --> 00:19:01,073 EXTERIOR VIA ISS. 549 00:19:01,073 --> 00:19:06,512 ANOTHER ONE, RAPID SCAT, RAPID 550 00:19:06,512 --> 00:19:06,945 SCATOMETER. 551 00:19:06,945 --> 00:19:12,017 IT SHOT A RAY IN THE OCEAN. 552 00:19:12,017 --> 00:19:13,385 THEY CAN TELL WHICH WAY THE 553 00:19:13,385 --> 00:19:15,254 DIRECTION IS GOING OR HOW FAST 554 00:19:15,254 --> 00:19:17,923 THE WIND WAS GOING ON THE 555 00:19:17,923 --> 00:19:18,257 GROUND. 556 00:19:18,257 --> 00:19:20,292 THE OTHER NEAT THING, AS IT WAS 557 00:19:20,292 --> 00:19:23,362 TAKING DATA, THE DATA 558 00:19:23,362 --> 00:19:25,731 DISTRIBUTION GOT IT BACK TO 559 00:19:25,731 --> 00:19:29,001 PEOPLE LIKE NOAH, AND WEATHER 560 00:19:29,001 --> 00:19:31,770 FORECAST WITHIN TWO OR THREE 561 00:19:31,770 --> 00:19:35,407 HOURS FROM THE ISS OVERHEAD. 562 00:19:35,407 --> 00:19:35,908 >> THANK YOU. 563 00:19:35,908 --> 00:19:41,513 >> GOOD LOOK TO MARV, BUDDY. 564 00:19:41,513 --> 00:19:43,715 >> PETE TALKED A LITTLE BIT 565 00:19:43,715 --> 00:19:48,854 ABOUT THE STATION, NASA.NET 566 00:19:48,854 --> 00:19:49,221 WEBSITE. 567 00:19:49,221 --> 00:19:50,522 NOT ONLY IS IT A GREAT WAY TO 568 00:19:50,522 --> 00:19:51,823 TRACK THE STATION, BUT ALSO A 569 00:19:51,823 --> 00:19:53,926 GREAT WAY TO IMPRESS YOUR 570 00:19:53,926 --> 00:19:55,160 FRIENDS, WHEN YOU KNOW IT'S 571 00:19:55,160 --> 00:19:56,428 GOING UP OVERHEAD. 572 00:19:56,428 --> 00:19:58,130 THE OTHER THING I LIKE TO DO, 573 00:19:58,130 --> 00:20:00,499 WHEN I SEE THE STATION OR THE 574 00:20:00,499 --> 00:20:01,700 NOTIFICATION, IS THINK ABOUT WHO 575 00:20:01,700 --> 00:20:03,435 IS FLYING OVERHEAD. 576 00:20:03,435 --> 00:20:05,270 IT'S ALWAYS GOOD TO LOOK AT THE 577 00:20:05,270 --> 00:20:06,972 CREW LAUNCHING AT THAT POINT OR 578 00:20:06,972 --> 00:20:08,373 ON BOARD THE SPACE STATION AT 579 00:20:08,373 --> 00:20:09,675 THAT POINT AND KNOW WHO IS IN 580 00:20:09,675 --> 00:20:11,710 THE SPACE STATION AS IT FLIES 581 00:20:11,710 --> 00:20:12,077 OVERHEAD. 582 00:20:12,077 --> 00:20:16,448 THE OTHER THING, KEN MENTIONED, 583 00:20:16,448 --> 00:20:17,916 PRECRYSTALLIZATION AS A BENEFIT 584 00:20:17,916 --> 00:20:20,953 OF MICRO BIOLOGY. 585 00:20:20,953 --> 00:20:25,357 WE HAVE MICHAEL BATISTA, 586 00:20:25,357 --> 00:20:26,091 DIRECTOR OF THE PROGRAMS FOR 587 00:20:26,091 --> 00:20:31,196 MICHAEL J. FOX PROGRAM, AND 588 00:20:31,196 --> 00:20:34,900 MARCO, WHO IS LEADER OF GRAV 2. 589 00:20:34,900 --> 00:20:37,235 >> FROM THE MICHAEL J. FOX 590 00:20:37,235 --> 00:20:37,736 FOUNDATION. 591 00:20:37,736 --> 00:20:39,471 JUST BEFORE I TALK ABOUT 592 00:20:39,471 --> 00:20:41,473 PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND WHY 593 00:20:41,473 --> 00:20:44,676 WE'RE DOING THE EXPERIMENT, WE 594 00:20:44,676 --> 00:20:46,645 HAVE A BRIEF VIDEO I WOULD LIKE 595 00:20:46,645 --> 00:20:47,679 TO SHOW YOU 596 00:20:47,679 --> 00:20:49,414 >> I WANT TO THANK THE CENTER 597 00:20:49,414 --> 00:20:52,851 FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE 598 00:20:52,851 --> 00:20:56,021 AND SPACE, FOR HELPING OUR 599 00:20:56,021 --> 00:20:57,322 MISSION BEYOND THE ADVANCEMENTS 600 00:20:57,322 --> 00:21:04,096 OF GRAVITY AND PULL. 601 00:21:06,598 --> 00:21:09,701 >> AS ONE OF THE COMMON GENETIC 602 00:21:09,701 --> 00:21:12,004 CONTRIBUTORS TO PARKINSON'S, 603 00:21:12,004 --> 00:21:15,073 LURK 2 IS THE FOCUS ON THE 604 00:21:15,073 --> 00:21:17,109 PARKINSON'S INVESTIGATION 605 00:21:17,109 --> 00:21:17,509 RESEARCH. 606 00:21:17,509 --> 00:21:19,645 >> AND LURK 2 IS ONE OF THE 607 00:21:19,645 --> 00:21:22,648 COMMON CAUSES OF THE DISEASE. 608 00:21:22,648 --> 00:21:26,118 FOR OVER 10 YEARS, NO ONE HAS 609 00:21:26,118 --> 00:21:32,824 BEEN ABLE TO CRYSTALLIZE LURK 2. 610 00:21:32,824 --> 00:21:40,098 >> IT'S BEEN PROVEN THAT 611 00:21:40,098 --> 00:21:41,366 CRYSTALLIZATION, IN THE 612 00:21:41,366 --> 00:21:42,034 CONDITION. 613 00:21:42,034 --> 00:21:44,936 AND WE HOPE LURK 2 WILL AS WELL. 614 00:21:44,936 --> 00:21:49,074 HAVING THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE WILL 615 00:21:49,074 --> 00:21:53,912 ALLOW US TO -- AND THOSE LURK 2 616 00:21:53,912 --> 00:21:55,714 CONTRIBUTORS COULD BE DEVELOPED. 617 00:21:55,714 --> 00:21:57,983 >> AND WE'RE INCREDIBLY EXCITED 618 00:21:57,983 --> 00:21:59,551 TO WORK WITH THE CASE. 619 00:21:59,551 --> 00:22:01,853 WE'RE WILLING TO GO TO THE END'S 620 00:22:01,853 --> 00:22:03,388 OF THE EARTH TO TRY THE 621 00:22:03,388 --> 00:22:05,257 STRUCTURE OF LURK 2. 622 00:22:05,257 --> 00:22:09,161 >> AND THE RESEARCH IS SELECTED 623 00:22:09,161 --> 00:22:15,167 TO TRAVEL TO THE INTERNATIONAL 624 00:22:15,167 --> 00:22:16,968 SPACE STATION. 625 00:22:16,968 --> 00:22:17,202 . 626 00:22:17,202 --> 00:22:20,439 >> GREAT, SO I WANT TO MAKE SOME 627 00:22:20,439 --> 00:22:22,407 BRIEF REMARKS ABOUT PARKINSON'S 628 00:22:22,407 --> 00:22:24,676 DISEASE AND THEN WE'LL SWITCH 629 00:22:24,676 --> 00:22:27,713 TO -- SEBASTIAN WILL LET YOU 630 00:22:27,713 --> 00:22:30,649 KNOW MORE WHY WE'RE DOING THE 631 00:22:30,649 --> 00:22:31,083 EXPERIMENT. 632 00:22:31,083 --> 00:22:34,052 PARKINSON'S DISEASE IS A NEAR 633 00:22:34,052 --> 00:22:36,188 GENETIC CRONTIVE DISORDER. 634 00:22:36,188 --> 00:22:39,157 IT AFFECTS PEOPLE AGES 1-60. 635 00:22:39,157 --> 00:22:41,626 WE'RE ESTIMATING THAT 1 MILLION 636 00:22:41,626 --> 00:22:42,494 PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES TO 637 00:22:42,494 --> 00:22:44,129 HAVE PARKINSON'S AND POSSIBLY 5 638 00:22:44,129 --> 00:22:45,197 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE WORLD. 639 00:22:45,197 --> 00:22:47,733 THE DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY 640 00:22:47,733 --> 00:22:55,841 BOTH MOTOR SYMPTOMS, SUCH AS 641 00:22:55,841 --> 00:22:57,843 REJILLITY, ABNORMAL GATE, AND 642 00:22:57,843 --> 00:23:00,912 COGNITIVE, SUCH AS DEFICIT, 643 00:23:00,912 --> 00:23:02,714 AUTOMOTIVE DYSFUNCTION AND 644 00:23:02,714 --> 00:23:03,148 DEPRESSION. 645 00:23:03,148 --> 00:23:05,150 THERE'S TREATMENTS THAT 646 00:23:05,150 --> 00:23:06,818 AMELIORATE THE SYSTEMS. HOWEVER, 647 00:23:06,818 --> 00:23:08,253 WE DON'T HAVE ANYTHING THAT'S 648 00:23:08,253 --> 00:23:10,388 DISEASE MODIFYING THAT WILL 649 00:23:10,388 --> 00:23:12,190 REVERSE, STOP OR SLOW DOWN THE 650 00:23:12,190 --> 00:23:13,859 PROGRESSION OF THE DISEASE. 651 00:23:13,859 --> 00:23:16,194 THAT'S WHY IN THE MICHAEL J. FOX 652 00:23:16,194 --> 00:23:17,729 FOUNDATION, WE'RE INTERESTED IN 653 00:23:17,729 --> 00:23:21,733 THE GENE, LOSIN RICH, LARK 2, AS 654 00:23:21,733 --> 00:23:24,069 WE LIKE TO CALL IT. 655 00:23:24,069 --> 00:23:26,104 THE REASON WHY WE'RE INTERESTED 656 00:23:26,104 --> 00:23:28,106 AND INVESTED ALREADY $100 657 00:23:28,106 --> 00:23:30,008 MILLION IN THE POTENTIAL DRUG 658 00:23:30,008 --> 00:23:31,910 TARGET OR FOR THE FOLLOWING 659 00:23:31,910 --> 00:23:34,012 REASONS, FIRST MUTATIONS IN THE 660 00:23:34,012 --> 00:23:36,148 GENE HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO BE ONE 661 00:23:36,148 --> 00:23:37,949 OF THE MOST COMMON GENETIC 662 00:23:37,949 --> 00:23:39,584 CAUSES OF THE DISEASE. 663 00:23:39,584 --> 00:23:41,586 SECOND, THE CLINICAL 664 00:23:41,586 --> 00:23:44,956 MANIFESTATIONS OF THE DISEASE IS 665 00:23:44,956 --> 00:23:46,958 ACTUALLY SIMILAR TO THE 666 00:23:46,958 --> 00:23:49,394 NONGENETIC MORE COMMON FORMS OF 667 00:23:49,394 --> 00:23:49,861 PARKINSON'S. 668 00:23:49,861 --> 00:23:53,298 THE POSSIBILITY THAT THERAPEUTIC 669 00:23:53,298 --> 00:23:55,167 TREATS LARK-MUTATION CARRIERS, 670 00:23:55,167 --> 00:23:56,535 COULD POSSIBLY TREAT EVERYBODY 671 00:23:56,535 --> 00:23:58,970 WHO HAS PARKINSON'S DISEASE. 672 00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:00,438 ALSO, IT'S VERY DRUGABLE. 673 00:24:00,438 --> 00:24:03,642 THAT TERM IS USED WHEN THE 674 00:24:03,642 --> 00:24:05,110 PHARMACEUTICAL COMMUNITY HAS 675 00:24:05,110 --> 00:24:06,878 EXPERTISE, TO TARGET THE 676 00:24:06,878 --> 00:24:09,147 PARTICULAR PROTEIN. 677 00:24:09,147 --> 00:24:11,550 THERE'S A CLASS OF INHIBITERS 678 00:24:11,550 --> 00:24:13,552 AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IS 679 00:24:13,552 --> 00:24:16,121 VERY GOOD IN MAKING THAT CLASS 680 00:24:16,121 --> 00:24:17,122 OF DRUG. 681 00:24:17,122 --> 00:24:20,258 AND IT'S STILL HANGING FRUIT TO 682 00:24:20,258 --> 00:24:22,227 GO AFTER LARK 2. 683 00:24:22,227 --> 00:24:24,863 FINALLY, CONVERGING BIOLOGY THAT 684 00:24:24,863 --> 00:24:27,165 SHOWS LARK 2 IS PLAYING AN 685 00:24:27,165 --> 00:24:29,668 IMPORTANT OR IF NOT CENTRAL ROLE 686 00:24:29,668 --> 00:24:33,405 IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE. 687 00:24:33,405 --> 00:24:36,374 THE BREAKTHROUGH RECENTLY, WE'RE 688 00:24:36,374 --> 00:24:38,543 ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE SUB 689 00:24:38,543 --> 00:24:39,578 STRAIGHTS. 690 00:24:39,578 --> 00:24:42,214 SUBSTRAIGHTS IS TURNED ON OR 691 00:24:42,214 --> 00:24:43,448 TURNED OFF BY LARK 2. 692 00:24:43,448 --> 00:24:45,150 WE'RE DOING QUITE A BIT OF WORK 693 00:24:45,150 --> 00:24:47,152 IN CLINICAL SAFETY, WHICH IS 694 00:24:47,152 --> 00:24:48,220 SHOWING US THAT IT IS POSSIBLE 695 00:24:48,220 --> 00:24:50,922 TO BE ABLE TO MOVE AND DO 696 00:24:50,922 --> 00:24:54,059 CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE LARK 697 00:24:54,059 --> 00:24:56,595 2 INHIBITERS IN PEOPLE. 698 00:24:56,595 --> 00:24:58,697 WE STILL NEED MORE 699 00:24:58,697 --> 00:24:59,197 BREAKTHROUGHS. 700 00:24:59,197 --> 00:25:01,066 WHAT ONE THING WE FULLY DON'T 701 00:25:01,066 --> 00:25:03,034 UNDERSTAND WHAT LARK 2 LOOKS 702 00:25:03,034 --> 00:25:05,604 LIKE, WHAT IT'S ATOMIC STRUCTURE 703 00:25:05,604 --> 00:25:05,904 IS. 704 00:25:05,904 --> 00:25:08,139 WE HAVE A WORLD CLASS TEAM 705 00:25:08,139 --> 00:25:10,642 WORKING ON THE PROBLEM ON EARTH 706 00:25:10,642 --> 00:25:11,877 WITH DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES. 707 00:25:11,877 --> 00:25:13,378 ONE PARTICULAR TECHNIQUE, THAT 708 00:25:13,378 --> 00:25:16,248 IT APPEARS THAT WE MAY HAVE 709 00:25:16,248 --> 00:25:19,117 BETTER LUCK IF WE WERE TO DO IT 710 00:25:19,117 --> 00:25:20,685 IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE 711 00:25:20,685 --> 00:25:21,086 STATION. 712 00:25:21,086 --> 00:25:27,859 THAT'S LOOKING AT X-RAY, CRYSTAL 713 00:25:27,859 --> 00:25:29,160 CRYSTALOLOGY RALPHY. 714 00:25:29,160 --> 00:25:31,529 YOU ARE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT 715 00:25:31,529 --> 00:25:33,465 A PROTEIN COULD LOOK LIKE. 716 00:25:33,465 --> 00:25:35,033 WITH THAT, YOU COULD BETTER 717 00:25:35,033 --> 00:25:35,800 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION. 718 00:25:35,800 --> 00:25:37,535 YOU WANT TO TAKE THE PROTEIN, 719 00:25:37,535 --> 00:25:40,238 MAKE IT INTO A CRYSTAL, SYMBOL 720 00:25:40,238 --> 00:25:42,007 AMPLIFIES THE PROTEIN. 721 00:25:42,007 --> 00:25:45,277 YOU BOMBARD IT WITH X-RAYS, AND 722 00:25:45,277 --> 00:25:46,978 YOU'RE ABLE TO BETTER UNDERSTAND 723 00:25:46,978 --> 00:25:48,413 WHAT THE PROTEIN LOOKS LIKE. 724 00:25:48,413 --> 00:25:52,083 THIS WILL HELP IN TWO WAYS. 725 00:25:52,083 --> 00:25:53,485 FIRST, IT WILL HELP YOU 726 00:25:53,485 --> 00:25:55,553 UNDERSTAND THE BIOLOGY, 727 00:25:55,553 --> 00:25:57,022 UNDERSTAND STRUCTURE. 728 00:25:57,022 --> 00:25:58,890 SECONDLY, ALTHOUGH THE 729 00:25:58,890 --> 00:26:00,191 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IS VERY 730 00:26:00,191 --> 00:26:04,095 GOOD IN MAKING LARK 2 731 00:26:04,095 --> 00:26:06,131 INHIBITERS, THEY HAVE BEEN DOING 732 00:26:06,131 --> 00:26:07,866 IT PRETTY MUCH BLIND. 733 00:26:07,866 --> 00:26:10,135 THEY ARE USING OTHER PROTEINS 734 00:26:10,135 --> 00:26:11,803 THAT HAVE BEEN SOLVED, USING 735 00:26:11,803 --> 00:26:14,205 THAT TO MAKE ASSUMPTIONS WHAT 736 00:26:14,205 --> 00:26:15,273 LARK 2 LOOKS LIKE. 737 00:26:15,273 --> 00:26:18,176 THEY ARE DOING A GOOD JOB BUT WE 738 00:26:18,176 --> 00:26:21,212 WON'T KNOW IF WE CAN HAVE THE 739 00:26:21,212 --> 00:26:26,451 MOST OPTIMAL LARK 2 INHIBITER 740 00:26:26,451 --> 00:26:28,353 WITHOUT IT. 741 00:26:28,353 --> 00:26:31,523 I WANT TO PASS IT TO SEBASTIAN 742 00:26:31,523 --> 00:26:34,125 WHO COULD EXPLAIN MORE ABOUT THE 743 00:26:34,125 --> 00:26:34,426 ISS. 744 00:26:34,426 --> 00:26:36,661 >> AND I'M PART OF THE TEAM THAT 745 00:26:36,661 --> 00:26:43,168 IS PLAYING THE TECHNIQUE, IN 746 00:26:43,168 --> 00:26:46,771 ORDER TO SUPPORT THE 3-D 747 00:26:46,771 --> 00:26:49,908 DIMENSION OF LARK 2. 748 00:26:49,908 --> 00:26:51,876 AND GENERAL WORKFLOW IS LIKE, 749 00:26:51,876 --> 00:26:54,012 FIRST, WE MAKE A LOT OF THE 750 00:26:54,012 --> 00:26:54,379 PROTEIN. 751 00:26:54,379 --> 00:26:56,982 THEN WE PUT CRYSTALS OF THE 752 00:26:56,982 --> 00:26:57,382 PROTEIN. 753 00:26:57,382 --> 00:27:01,786 THEN WE ANALYZE BOTH CRYSTALS 754 00:27:01,786 --> 00:27:05,457 USING FOCUSED X-RAY BEAMS AND 755 00:27:05,457 --> 00:27:07,292 FINALLY CALCULATE THE THREE 756 00:27:07,292 --> 00:27:10,495 DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE 757 00:27:10,495 --> 00:27:12,230 COLLECTIVE DATA. 758 00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:14,232 YEAH, AND OUR EXPERIMENT ON 759 00:27:14,232 --> 00:27:19,471 BOARD THE ISS, IS AIMED TO 760 00:27:19,471 --> 00:27:22,140 GENERATE HIGH QUALITY CRYSTALS. 761 00:27:22,140 --> 00:27:25,410 AND OUR TWO PROTEINS IS USED AS 762 00:27:25,410 --> 00:27:30,415 A METHOD OF PROTEIN, AND IT 763 00:27:30,415 --> 00:27:32,183 COMPROMISES OF HAVING DOMAINS. 764 00:27:32,183 --> 00:27:41,826 THERE'S A LOT OF POLYPEPTIDE 765 00:27:41,826 --> 00:27:42,227 CHAINS. 766 00:27:42,227 --> 00:27:46,031 WE BELIEVE IT'S -- LARK 2 COULD. 767 00:27:46,031 --> 00:27:49,701 AND ALL OF THIS MAKES IT A 768 00:27:49,701 --> 00:27:52,437 CHALLENGING TARGET TO WORK ON. 769 00:27:52,437 --> 00:27:54,906 AND WE MANAGE TO PRODUCE A 770 00:27:54,906 --> 00:27:56,408 SHORTER VERSION OF THE PROTEIN 771 00:27:56,408 --> 00:27:58,209 THAT'S BETTER BEHAVED THAN THE 772 00:27:58,209 --> 00:28:00,245 FULL LENGTH PROTEIN. 773 00:28:00,245 --> 00:28:03,515 AND YEAH, THIS PROTEIN IS 774 00:28:03,515 --> 00:28:08,053 CRYSTALLIZED AND THEN FOCUSED. 775 00:28:08,053 --> 00:28:09,888 THIS TOOL THAT'S THE CHIP 776 00:28:09,888 --> 00:28:13,191 MANUFACTURER BY THE COMPANY, AND 777 00:28:13,191 --> 00:28:16,428 ITS CHIP, THERE'S 16 TINY 778 00:28:16,428 --> 00:28:16,828 CHANNELS. 779 00:28:16,828 --> 00:28:18,663 WE FILL THE FIRST HALF OF THE 780 00:28:18,663 --> 00:28:20,832 CHANNEL WITH THE LARK 2 PROTEIN. 781 00:28:20,832 --> 00:28:24,335 AND THEN WE FILL THE SECOND HALF 782 00:28:24,335 --> 00:28:27,205 OF EACH CHANNEL WITH AN ADDITIVE 783 00:28:27,205 --> 00:28:27,572 SOLUTION. 784 00:28:27,572 --> 00:28:31,443 AFTER STOPPING THE EXPERIMENT, 785 00:28:31,443 --> 00:28:34,045 THE PROTEIN DIFFUSES INTO AN 786 00:28:34,045 --> 00:28:36,881 ADDITIVE SOLUTION AND THE 787 00:28:36,881 --> 00:28:39,050 COMPONENTS OF THE ADDITIVE 788 00:28:39,050 --> 00:28:41,152 SOLUTION, AND EVENTUALLY AT SOME 789 00:28:41,152 --> 00:28:46,524 POINT, THE PROTEIN CRYSTALLIZES. 790 00:28:46,524 --> 00:28:51,529 THE EXPERIMENT IS LIKE, WE SAID, 791 00:28:51,529 --> 00:28:52,297 CHANNELS ON EARTH. 792 00:28:52,297 --> 00:28:54,032 AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER SETTING 793 00:28:54,032 --> 00:28:54,299 UP. 794 00:28:54,299 --> 00:28:56,601 THIS IS HOW THEY ARE TRANSPORTED 795 00:28:56,601 --> 00:28:59,938 TO ISS, HOPEFULLY TOMORROW. 796 00:28:59,938 --> 00:29:06,611 AND THE ABSOLUTE, HAS TO PLACE 797 00:29:06,611 --> 00:29:08,546 AMGWEN TEMPERATURE. 798 00:29:08,546 --> 00:29:11,149 WHERE CRYSTALLIZATION IS GOING 799 00:29:11,149 --> 00:29:11,516 TO OCCUR. 800 00:29:11,516 --> 00:29:13,084 AND AFTER A FEW WEEKS, IT'S 801 00:29:13,084 --> 00:29:14,752 TRANSPORTEDED BACK TO EARTH AND 802 00:29:14,752 --> 00:29:17,021 THAT'S WHEN WE ANALYZE THE 803 00:29:17,021 --> 00:29:20,458 CRYSTALS AND HOPEFULLY ARE GOING 804 00:29:20,458 --> 00:29:21,926 THROUGH THE FIRST. 805 00:29:21,926 --> 00:29:26,664 AND WE DID THIS QUITE OFTEN ON 806 00:29:26,664 --> 00:29:30,101 EARTH AND WE MANAGED TO MAKE 807 00:29:30,101 --> 00:29:32,971 CRYSTALS RELIABLITY, AND SO WE 808 00:29:32,971 --> 00:29:36,141 CAN MAKE AS MANY CRYSTALS AS WE 809 00:29:36,141 --> 00:29:40,245 LIKE, SO WHY DO WE SEND SAMPLES 810 00:29:40,245 --> 00:29:41,579 TO SPACE THEN. 811 00:29:41,579 --> 00:29:43,348 THIS IS SIMPLY BECAUSE OF THE 812 00:29:43,348 --> 00:29:47,285 QUALITY OF OUR CRYSTALS IS NOT 813 00:29:47,285 --> 00:29:47,919 HIGH ENOUGH. 814 00:29:47,919 --> 00:29:50,021 THIS ADJUSTMENT IS NOT GOOD 815 00:29:50,021 --> 00:29:51,956 ENOUGH IF WE MAKE THEM ON EARTH. 816 00:29:51,956 --> 00:29:55,660 YOU SEE IT THERE, THE EDGES ARE 817 00:29:55,660 --> 00:29:56,694 NOT TOO SHARP. 818 00:29:56,694 --> 00:29:59,797 YOU COULD SEE THE CRYSTALS ARE 819 00:29:59,797 --> 00:30:00,131 TRICKY. 820 00:30:00,131 --> 00:30:02,400 ONE REASON FOR THIS, MAYBE ON 821 00:30:02,400 --> 00:30:04,936 EARTH, WE HAVE GRAVITY. 822 00:30:04,936 --> 00:30:08,072 YOU ASK THE QUESTION, ON EARTH, 823 00:30:08,072 --> 00:30:10,675 WE HAVE GRAVITY. 824 00:30:10,675 --> 00:30:13,044 THAT MEANS DENSE PARTICLES WILL 825 00:30:13,044 --> 00:30:15,380 SINK TO THE BOTTOM OF OUR 826 00:30:15,380 --> 00:30:17,882 SAMPLE, FORMING UNWANTED 827 00:30:17,882 --> 00:30:18,283 GRADIENTS. 828 00:30:18,283 --> 00:30:19,717 AND OTHER THING, THERE'S CHANGES 829 00:30:19,717 --> 00:30:26,958 IN TEMPERATURE, WE NEED -- LEAD 830 00:30:26,958 --> 00:30:32,263 TO CONVECTION. 831 00:30:32,263 --> 00:30:36,067 BECAUSE OF THE MICRO GRAVITY 832 00:30:36,067 --> 00:30:38,303 CONDITIONS, AS IF THERE WERE NO 833 00:30:38,303 --> 00:30:41,039 GRAVITY AND WE DON'T HAVE 834 00:30:41,039 --> 00:30:45,843 UNWANTED GRADIENT AND WE DON'T 835 00:30:45,843 --> 00:30:49,214 HAVE CONVECTION THERE. 836 00:30:49,214 --> 00:30:51,749 THIS RESULTS IN MORE CRYSTAL 837 00:30:51,749 --> 00:30:52,116 GROWTH. 838 00:30:52,116 --> 00:30:53,952 AND THIS ULTIMATELY WILL LEAD TO 839 00:30:53,952 --> 00:30:59,624 HIGHER DATA QUALITY. 840 00:30:59,624 --> 00:31:04,229 IF WE GET, TWO PROTEINS AT 6 841 00:31:04,229 --> 00:31:05,997 OUNCE RESOLUTION, WE WILL SEE 842 00:31:05,997 --> 00:31:08,533 THE DOMAIN ARCHITECTURAL. 843 00:31:08,533 --> 00:31:11,402 WE WILL SEE SECONDARY ELEMENTS 844 00:31:11,402 --> 00:31:13,271 AND IT WILL HELP US UNDERSTAND 845 00:31:13,271 --> 00:31:15,106 THE MECHANISM OF THE PROTEIN. 846 00:31:15,106 --> 00:31:17,642 WE'LL SEE HOW IT IS REGULATED. 847 00:31:17,642 --> 00:31:21,112 WE WILL UNDERSTAND PARKINSON'S 848 00:31:21,112 --> 00:31:22,614 DISEASE BETTER. 849 00:31:22,614 --> 00:31:25,016 GET THE DATA SET, WITH THE 850 00:31:25,016 --> 00:31:28,052 RESOLUTION OF 3, ATOMIC 851 00:31:28,052 --> 00:31:31,723 RESOLUTION AND WITH THE DATA, WE 852 00:31:31,723 --> 00:31:35,727 CAN DO -- SOMETHING THAT MARK 853 00:31:35,727 --> 00:31:37,662 HAS MENTIONED ALREADY. 854 00:31:37,662 --> 00:31:40,465 SAY IT AGAIN, WE WILL SEE THE -- 855 00:31:40,465 --> 00:31:44,636 AND IT'S BETTER AND 3 OUNCE, 856 00:31:44,636 --> 00:31:47,572 ATOMIC RESOLUTION. 857 00:31:47,572 --> 00:31:56,080 WE'RE NOT FAR AWAY FROM THE 6 858 00:31:57,348 --> 00:31:56,614 ANG 859 00:31:57,348 --> 00:31:58,182 AND JUSTIFIED HOPE. 860 00:31:58,182 --> 00:31:58,750 THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 861 00:32:03,488 --> 00:32:03,988 [ APPLAUSE ] 862 00:32:07,191 --> 00:32:09,327 >> THANK YOU TO BOTH DR. BATISTA 863 00:32:09,327 --> 00:32:12,063 AND DOCTOR MATTHEW. 864 00:32:12,063 --> 00:32:14,432 THEY WILL STAY, TO ANSWER YOUR 865 00:32:14,432 --> 00:32:14,832 QUESTIONS. 866 00:32:14,832 --> 00:32:15,600 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, PLEASE 867 00:32:15,600 --> 00:32:17,201 RAISE YOUR HAND AND WAIT FOR THE 868 00:32:17,201 --> 00:32:18,870 MICROPHONE TO GET TO YOU. 869 00:32:18,870 --> 00:32:22,040 IF YOU ARE FOLLOWING ALONG 870 00:32:22,040 --> 00:32:26,411 ON-LINE, SUBMIT YOUR QUESTIONS 871 00:32:26,411 --> 00:32:26,744 #NASA. 872 00:32:26,744 --> 00:32:28,646 THE FRONT ROW 873 00:32:28,646 --> 00:32:31,215 >> DARRA. 874 00:32:31,215 --> 00:32:35,320 YOU MENTIONED, MUTATION, AND AS 875 00:34:09,213 --> 00:34:08,546 WE 876 00:34:09,213 --> 00:34:10,047 QUESTIONS IN THE ROOM? 877 00:34:10,047 --> 00:34:11,516 PLEASE WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE 878 00:34:11,516 --> 00:34:19,724 TO REACH YOU IN THE BAC . 879 00:34:19,724 --> 00:34:21,392 >> I'M JUST CURIOUS WITH THE 880 00:34:21,392 --> 00:34:22,727 RESULTS THAT YOU GUYS ARE GOING 881 00:34:22,727 --> 00:34:26,063 TO END UP WITH, HOPEFULLY WITH 882 00:34:26,063 --> 00:34:27,532 SOME POSITIVE STUFF. 883 00:34:27,532 --> 00:34:29,600 ARE THERE OTHER DISEASE 884 00:34:29,600 --> 00:34:31,102 ORGANIZATIONS THAT WILL BENEFIT 885 00:34:31,102 --> 00:34:32,703 FROM THIS THAT ARE KIND OF 886 00:34:32,703 --> 00:34:36,107 WATCHING YOU GUYS, TO SEE WHAT 887 00:34:36,107 --> 00:34:38,209 YOUR RESULTS ARE? 888 00:34:38,209 --> 00:34:41,179 >> SO IN CASE WE WILL GET THE 889 00:34:41,179 --> 00:34:42,847 STRUCTURE, WE WILL OF COURSE, 890 00:34:42,847 --> 00:34:44,148 PUBLISH IT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, 891 00:34:44,148 --> 00:34:47,218 MAKE IT AVAILABLE FOR THE 892 00:34:47,218 --> 00:34:47,585 PUBLIC. 893 00:34:47,585 --> 00:34:50,488 >> YEAH, DEFINITELY, EVERYBODY 894 00:34:50,488 --> 00:34:52,390 IN THE PARKINSON'S FIELD LOOKS 895 00:34:52,390 --> 00:34:54,959 AT OTHER NEURO GENERATION FIELD. 896 00:34:54,959 --> 00:34:57,462 WE MONITOR WHAT'S GOING ON IN 897 00:34:57,462 --> 00:34:58,162 ALZHEIMER'S. 898 00:34:58,162 --> 00:34:59,997 THEY ARE MONITORING WHAT WE ARE 899 00:34:59,997 --> 00:35:00,898 DOING ALSO. 900 00:35:00,898 --> 00:35:03,734 AT THE HIGHEST LEVEL, THAT'S THE 901 00:35:03,734 --> 00:35:04,836 MONITORING WE DO. 902 00:35:04,836 --> 00:35:06,671 AND SPECIFICALLY WITH THE 903 00:35:06,671 --> 00:35:08,406 EXPERIMENT, I'M NOT SURE HOW IT 904 00:35:08,406 --> 00:35:11,476 WILL BE AFFECTING OTHER DISEASE 905 00:35:11,476 --> 00:35:12,977 INDICATIONS BUT AS SEBASTIAN 906 00:35:12,977 --> 00:35:14,445 SAID, WE TRY TO GET THE 907 00:35:14,445 --> 00:35:15,947 INFORMATION OUT AND PEOPLE COULD 908 00:35:15,947 --> 00:35:19,984 ACCESS AND SEE WHAT WE FOUND. 909 00:35:19,984 --> 00:35:22,253 >> THANK YOU BOTH FOR YOUR TIME. 910 00:35:22,253 --> 00:35:28,092 [ APPLAUSE ] 911 00:35:28,092 --> 00:35:30,795 >> OUR NEXT HIGHLIGHTS IS THE 912 00:35:30,795 --> 00:35:35,766 EFFECT OF MICRO GRAVITY ON STEM 913 00:35:41,272 --> 00:35:40,805 CELLARIZATION 914 00:35:41,272 --> 00:35:42,039 FOR THAT, WE HAVE A VIDEO FOR 915 00:35:42,039 --> 00:35:50,147 YOU. 916 00:35:50,147 --> 00:35:52,817 >> WE'VE CREATED A MODEL OF THE 917 00:35:52,817 --> 00:35:55,386 HUMAN LUNG, THAT HAS MOST OF THE 918 00:35:55,386 --> 00:35:57,388 CELLS, WILL HAVE. 919 00:35:57,388 --> 00:35:59,924 WE WILL USE THE MODEL TO 920 00:35:59,924 --> 00:36:02,193 EVALUATE WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR 921 00:36:02,193 --> 00:36:05,062 LUNGS IN LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHT. 922 00:36:05,062 --> 00:36:10,268 WE'RE USING STEM JENRATIVE 923 00:36:10,268 --> 00:36:10,601 CELLS. 924 00:36:10,601 --> 00:36:12,603 THEY ARE THE CELLS THAT ALLOWS 925 00:36:12,603 --> 00:36:18,342 YOU TO HAVE THE GAS TO BREATH. 926 00:36:18,342 --> 00:36:21,045 THE LARGER MISSION, EVENTUALLY 927 00:36:21,045 --> 00:36:24,715 SOME DAY TO MAKE PIECES, TO MAKE 928 00:36:24,715 --> 00:36:28,452 IT LONG EXISTING FOR 929 00:36:28,452 --> 00:36:32,256 TRANSPORTATION FOR SOMEBODY. 930 00:36:32,256 --> 00:36:35,192 IF YOU LOOK WHAT ATOMS DO, WILL 931 00:36:35,192 --> 00:36:38,296 AFFECT THE MOLECULE, CHANGES THE 932 00:36:38,296 --> 00:36:41,299 WAY THE TISSUE RESPONDS, THAT 933 00:36:41,299 --> 00:36:43,000 CHANGES HOW YOU FUNCTION. 934 00:36:43,000 --> 00:36:45,102 YOU HAVE TO WALK BACK AND SAY, I 935 00:36:45,102 --> 00:36:47,171 COULD LOOK AT IT AT A SMALL 936 00:36:47,171 --> 00:36:48,973 LEVEL AND BUILD A PICTURE ON 937 00:36:48,973 --> 00:36:49,974 WHAT'S HAPPENING. 938 00:36:49,974 --> 00:36:51,776 THAT MAY BE RAISED DIFFERENTLY 939 00:36:51,776 --> 00:36:54,712 IN SPACE, SINCE MICRO GRAVITY 940 00:36:54,712 --> 00:36:57,014 INFLUENCES EVERYTHING A CELL 941 00:36:57,014 --> 00:36:57,415 DOES. 942 00:36:57,415 --> 00:37:01,185 OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THAT, TO 943 00:37:01,185 --> 00:37:03,621 EXPAND IN SPACE IS HUGE. 944 00:37:03,621 --> 00:37:06,958 IT HAPPENS ONCE IN YOUR 945 00:37:06,958 --> 00:37:10,795 LIFETIME. 946 00:37:10,795 --> 00:37:12,830 >> AND UNFORTUNATELY, 947 00:37:12,830 --> 00:37:14,732 DR. NICHOLS WAS UNABLE TO BE 948 00:37:14,732 --> 00:37:15,733 WITH US. 949 00:37:15,733 --> 00:37:18,002 WE HAVE KEN SHIELDS, WILL BRING 950 00:37:18,002 --> 00:37:19,637 HIM BACK UP FROM CASES, TO 951 00:37:19,637 --> 00:37:23,274 ANSWER A FEW QUESTIONS ABOUT THE 952 00:37:23,274 --> 00:37:25,343 LUNG-TISSUE INVESTIGATION. 953 00:37:25,343 --> 00:37:29,880 >> QUESTIONS ARE NOT REQUIRED 954 00:37:29,880 --> 00:37:30,348 [ LAUGHING ] 955 00:37:30,348 --> 00:37:33,050 >> DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS IN 956 00:37:33,050 --> 00:37:33,884 THE ROOM? 957 00:37:33,884 --> 00:37:35,152 DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS ON 958 00:37:35,152 --> 00:37:36,053 SOCIAL MEDIA? 959 00:37:36,053 --> 00:37:38,222 ONCE AGAIN, YOU COULD SUBMIT 960 00:37:38,222 --> 00:37:41,425 YOUR QUESTIONS, USING THE #ASK 961 00:37:41,425 --> 00:37:46,897 NASA. 962 00:37:46,897 --> 00:37:47,999 ANY QUESTIONS? 963 00:37:47,999 --> 00:37:53,070 >> YOU'RE WELCOME. 964 00:37:53,070 --> 00:37:53,537 [ LAUGHTER ] 965 00:37:53,537 --> 00:37:56,407 >> THANK YOU. 966 00:37:56,407 --> 00:37:59,510 >> OUR NEXT INVESTIGATION IS THE 967 00:37:59,510 --> 00:38:01,879 COSMIC RAY INTERJENNICS AND MASS 968 00:38:01,879 --> 00:38:02,346 INVESTIGATION. 969 00:38:02,346 --> 00:38:04,682 WE HEARD EARLIER IN THE PRENEWS 970 00:38:04,682 --> 00:38:06,951 CONFERENCE, ASTRONAUTS WILL BE 971 00:38:06,951 --> 00:38:08,252 GETTING ICE CREAM IN THE 972 00:38:08,252 --> 00:38:08,653 DELIVERY. 973 00:38:08,653 --> 00:38:13,090 THEY WILL ALSO BE GETTING ISS 974 00:38:13,090 --> 00:38:14,525 CREAM. 975 00:38:14,525 --> 00:38:16,260 DICKEY SMITH FROM THE UNIVERSITY 976 00:38:16,260 --> 00:38:17,294 OF MARYLAND. 977 00:38:17,294 --> 00:38:20,931 >> NAME OF MY EXPERIMENT IS 978 00:38:20,931 --> 00:38:23,367 COSMIC RAY GENERATION MASS. 979 00:38:23,367 --> 00:38:25,670 WE NICKNAMED IT ICE CREAM. 980 00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:27,972 THE GOAL OF THE ICE CREAM 981 00:38:27,972 --> 00:38:29,840 EXPERIMENT IS TO EXTEND THE 982 00:38:29,840 --> 00:38:30,975 ENERGY REACH OF DIRECT 983 00:38:30,975 --> 00:38:33,177 MEASUREMENTS OF COSMIC RAYS TO 984 00:38:33,177 --> 00:38:35,479 THE HIGHEST ENERGIES POSSIBLE SO 985 00:38:35,479 --> 00:38:38,115 THAT WE CAN STUDY THE COSMIC RAY 986 00:38:38,115 --> 00:38:41,318 ORIGINS, WHERE THEY COME FROM. 987 00:38:41,318 --> 00:38:42,286 THEIR ACCELERATION MECHANISMS, 988 00:38:42,286 --> 00:38:44,388 HOW THEY GOT THE ENERGIES THEY 989 00:38:44,388 --> 00:38:46,657 HAVE, AND HOW THEY PROPAGATE AND 990 00:38:46,657 --> 00:38:47,892 WHAT'S THEIR HISTORY IN THE 991 00:38:47,892 --> 00:38:50,194 GALAXY AND HOW THEY INTERACT 992 00:38:50,194 --> 00:38:51,162 WITH THE STUFF THAT'S BETWEEN 993 00:38:51,162 --> 00:38:53,297 THE SOLAR SYSTEMS. 994 00:38:53,297 --> 00:38:54,598 AND SO I'D LIKE TO TELL YOU 995 00:38:54,598 --> 00:38:55,833 ABOUT THE INSTRUMENT A LITTLE 996 00:38:55,833 --> 00:38:56,133 BIT. 997 00:38:56,133 --> 00:38:58,436 WE HAVE A VIDEO, IF WE CAN START 998 00:38:58,436 --> 00:38:58,803 THAT. 999 00:38:58,803 --> 00:38:59,870 YOU COULD SEE WHAT THE 1000 00:38:59,870 --> 00:39:00,938 INSTRUMENT LOOKS LIKE. 1001 00:39:00,938 --> 00:39:03,374 THERE IT IS ROTATING, ICE CREAM. 1002 00:39:03,374 --> 00:39:06,977 IT'S ABOUT THE SIZE OF A LARGE 1003 00:39:06,977 --> 00:39:07,445 REFRIGERATOR. 1004 00:39:07,445 --> 00:39:09,714 THE TOP PIECE IS THE GRAPPLE 1005 00:39:09,714 --> 00:39:11,916 FIXTURE THE ROBOT ARMS USE TO 1006 00:39:11,916 --> 00:39:12,717 MOVE IT AROUND. 1007 00:39:12,717 --> 00:39:17,488 IT WILL BE LOCATED IN JACK'S 1008 00:39:17,488 --> 00:39:19,957 EXPERIMENTAL MODULE EXSPERMENT 1009 00:39:19,957 --> 00:39:20,357 FACILITY. 1010 00:39:20,357 --> 00:39:22,493 THERE YOU SEE IN THE INSIDE, ON 1011 00:39:22,493 --> 00:39:23,861 THE RIGHT, THE SPACE WHERE THE 1012 00:39:23,861 --> 00:39:24,361 ELECTRONICS GO. 1013 00:39:24,361 --> 00:39:26,263 THE BIGGER AREA, THAT'S WHERE 1014 00:39:26,263 --> 00:39:27,465 THE DETECTORS GO. 1015 00:39:27,465 --> 00:39:29,867 WE STACK THEM UP SO WE CAN 1016 00:39:29,867 --> 00:39:31,802 MAXIMIZE THE FIELD OF VIEW. 1017 00:39:31,802 --> 00:39:33,971 AT THE BOTTOM, WE HAVE DETECTORS 1018 00:39:33,971 --> 00:39:36,107 THAT HELP US SEPARATE ELECTRONS 1019 00:39:36,107 --> 00:39:38,142 FROM PROTONS. 1020 00:39:38,142 --> 00:39:42,513 WE MEASURE HYDROGEN, HELIUM, TO 1021 00:39:42,513 --> 00:39:45,449 IRON, BASICALLY THE PERIODIC 1022 00:39:45,449 --> 00:39:45,783 TABLE. 1023 00:39:45,783 --> 00:39:47,184 AND THAT'S SURROUNDED BY THE 1024 00:39:47,184 --> 00:39:50,054 DETECTORS USED TO TRIGGER WHEN 1025 00:39:50,054 --> 00:39:51,489 COSMIC RAYS PASS THROUGH. 1026 00:39:51,489 --> 00:39:54,458 WE HAVE A TARGET SO THESE HIGH 1027 00:39:54,458 --> 00:40:01,065 ENERGY HYDROGEN ATOMS COULD 1028 00:40:01,065 --> 00:40:01,599 DESIN GREAT. 1029 00:40:01,599 --> 00:40:03,501 WE ALSO MEASURE THE CHARGE, 1030 00:40:03,501 --> 00:40:07,905 CHARGE DETECTOR AT THE TOP. 1031 00:40:07,905 --> 00:40:11,375 IN OTHER WORDS, IT'S AN 1032 00:40:11,375 --> 00:40:14,478 ACCOUNTING EXPERIMENTING AM BY 1033 00:40:14,478 --> 00:40:16,514 SIMPLY COUNTING THE RAYS, YOU 1034 00:40:16,514 --> 00:40:18,249 COULD TELL WHERE THEY CAME FROM 1035 00:40:18,249 --> 00:40:19,650 AND WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM ALONG 1036 00:40:19,650 --> 00:40:20,351 THE WAY. 1037 00:40:20,351 --> 00:40:23,120 ONE OF BENEFITS FOR BEING ON THE 1038 00:40:23,120 --> 00:40:24,555 SPACE STATION, THERE'S TWO 1039 00:40:24,555 --> 00:40:25,523 REASONS. 1040 00:40:25,523 --> 00:40:27,658 ONE, DUE TO THE ALTITUDE AND THE 1041 00:40:27,658 --> 00:40:29,927 OTHER IS DUE TO DURATION. 1042 00:40:29,927 --> 00:40:33,931 CREAM START AS A BALLOON 1043 00:40:33,931 --> 00:40:34,365 EXPERIMENT. 1044 00:40:34,365 --> 00:40:36,901 WE FLEW 7 FLIGHTS, FOR A TOTAL 1045 00:40:36,901 --> 00:40:39,670 OVER 190 DAYS, OVER THE 7 1046 00:40:39,670 --> 00:40:40,137 FLIGHTS. 1047 00:40:40,137 --> 00:40:43,440 THAT ALTITUDE IS ABOUT 40 1048 00:40:43,440 --> 00:40:44,074 KILOMETERS. 1049 00:40:44,074 --> 00:40:45,509 IN THE SPACE STATION WE'RE AT 1050 00:40:45,509 --> 00:40:47,344 400 KILOMETERS. 1051 00:40:47,344 --> 00:40:48,546 BEING AT THE ALTITUDE, YOU DON'T 1052 00:40:48,546 --> 00:40:50,981 HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE 1053 00:40:50,981 --> 00:40:51,415 ATMOSPHERE. 1054 00:40:51,415 --> 00:40:53,784 THE PROBLEMS WITH THE ATMOSPHERE 1055 00:40:53,784 --> 00:40:58,355 WITH DIRECT RAYS, THEY CAN 1056 00:40:58,355 --> 00:40:59,223 IDENTIFY WITH THE WAY WE HAVE 1057 00:40:59,223 --> 00:40:59,657 THE CHARGE. 1058 00:40:59,657 --> 00:41:01,492 THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE 1059 00:41:01,492 --> 00:41:03,360 CHARGE, HELPS US UNDERSTAND THE 1060 00:41:03,360 --> 00:41:05,396 PROPGATION MECHANISMS. 1061 00:41:05,396 --> 00:41:07,565 SOME OF THE COSMIC RAYS SUCH AS 1062 00:41:07,565 --> 00:41:09,867 BORON, ARE INTRODUCED THROUGH 1063 00:41:09,867 --> 00:41:11,268 INTERACTIONS OF CARBON, AND 1064 00:41:11,268 --> 00:41:12,636 THAT'S THE STUFF BETWEEN THE 1065 00:41:12,636 --> 00:41:17,174 SYSTEMS AND OUR GALAXY. 1066 00:41:17,174 --> 00:41:19,343 YES, SO THE OTHER REASON IS DUE 1067 00:41:19,343 --> 00:41:21,011 TO THE TIME DURATION. 1068 00:41:21,011 --> 00:41:23,380 SO A SINGLE BALLOON FLIGHT LASTS 1069 00:41:23,380 --> 00:41:24,381 ABOUT 30 DAYS. 1070 00:41:24,381 --> 00:41:27,251 ON A SPACE STATION, WE HAVE A 1071 00:41:27,251 --> 00:41:28,452 GOAL OF THREE YEARS. 1072 00:41:28,452 --> 00:41:29,820 BUT WE PLAN TO BE ON FOR THE 1073 00:41:29,820 --> 00:41:32,089 LIFE OF THE STATION. 1074 00:41:32,089 --> 00:41:34,491 SO GOING FROM 30 DAYS TO THREE 1075 00:41:34,491 --> 00:41:36,961 YEARS OR TO THE LIFE OF THE 1076 00:41:36,961 --> 00:41:39,296 STATION, THAT EXTENDS OUR 1077 00:41:39,296 --> 00:41:41,398 EXPOSURE TIME BY AN ORDER AND 1078 00:41:41,398 --> 00:41:41,799 MAGNITUDE. 1079 00:41:41,799 --> 00:41:45,102 AND BY DOING THIS, WE GET, WE 1080 00:41:45,102 --> 00:41:47,271 IMPROVE THE STATISTICS SO THAT 1081 00:41:47,271 --> 00:41:51,141 THE UNCERTAINTIES THAT ARE COME 1082 00:41:51,141 --> 00:41:54,979 OUT OF THE MEASUREMENTS ARE 1083 00:41:54,979 --> 00:41:55,546 REDUCED. 1084 00:41:55,546 --> 00:41:57,414 WE MAXIMIZE THE ENERGY REACH 1085 00:41:57,414 --> 00:41:59,583 BECAUSE COSMIC RAYS, THERE'S 1086 00:41:59,583 --> 00:42:05,356 LESS OF THEM AT HIGHER ENERGIES. 1087 00:42:05,356 --> 00:42:06,590 EXPEDITIONARY LESS. 1088 00:42:06,590 --> 00:42:09,760 YOU NEED TO STAY UP AT A HIGH 1089 00:42:09,760 --> 00:42:14,531 TIME SO YOU COULD MEASURE THE 1090 00:42:14,531 --> 00:42:15,766 COSMIC LEVELS. 1091 00:42:15,766 --> 00:42:17,668 YOU COULD USE THIS TO 1092 00:42:17,668 --> 00:42:20,304 DISTINGUISH THE MODELS AND THE 1093 00:42:20,304 --> 00:42:20,638 THEORY. 1094 00:42:20,638 --> 00:42:22,573 SO ICE CREAM IS NOT THE ONLY 1095 00:42:22,573 --> 00:42:25,442 COSMIC RAY EXPERIMENT IN SPACE. 1096 00:42:25,442 --> 00:42:26,477 THERE'S MANY OTHERS. 1097 00:42:26,477 --> 00:42:29,680 JUST A FEW EXAMPLES IS PAMELA 1098 00:42:29,680 --> 00:42:33,017 MLS, CALLETTE, DAMPY, THESE ARE 1099 00:42:33,017 --> 00:42:35,185 ALSO DIRECT COSMIC RAY 1100 00:42:35,185 --> 00:42:35,619 EXPERIMENTS. 1101 00:42:35,619 --> 00:42:40,958 THEY MEASURE IN A LOWER ENERGY. 1102 00:42:40,958 --> 00:42:43,661 HOWEVER, HIGH ENERGY INTERLAPS. 1103 00:42:43,661 --> 00:42:45,729 THE DATA THAT COMES FROM ICE 1104 00:42:45,729 --> 00:42:47,731 CREAM, WILL NOT ONLY COMPLIMENT 1105 00:42:47,731 --> 00:42:50,701 THE MEASUREMENTS BUT ALSO ADD TO 1106 00:42:50,701 --> 00:42:51,101 THEM. 1107 00:42:51,101 --> 00:42:52,102 THERE'S ALSO INDIRECT MEASURES 1108 00:42:52,102 --> 00:42:54,738 OF COSMIC RAYS. 1109 00:42:54,738 --> 00:42:56,941 YOU COULD MEASURE AFTER THEY 1110 00:42:56,941 --> 00:42:59,543 INTERACT IN THE ATMOSPHERE. 1111 00:42:59,543 --> 00:43:02,146 THE EXPERIMENTS ALLOW TO YOU 1112 00:43:02,146 --> 00:43:03,781 REACH HIGHER ENERGIES BUT YOU 1113 00:43:03,781 --> 00:43:07,251 CAN'T TELL THE SOURCE AS WELL. 1114 00:43:07,251 --> 00:43:09,887 SO OUR HIGH ENERGY REACH 1115 00:43:09,887 --> 00:43:11,488 OUTLASTED THEIR LOW ENERGY 1116 00:43:11,488 --> 00:43:11,822 REACH. 1117 00:43:11,822 --> 00:43:15,192 WITH THE INSTRUMENTS AND 1118 00:43:15,192 --> 00:43:15,960 PRODUCTS, YOU COULD DEVELOP A 1119 00:43:15,960 --> 00:43:17,995 FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE COSMIC 1120 00:43:17,995 --> 00:43:21,332 RAYS IN OUR GALAXY. 1121 00:43:21,332 --> 00:43:22,466 AND I THINK THAT'S IT. 1122 00:43:22,466 --> 00:43:24,435 >> IF YOU WILL STAY FOR A 1123 00:43:24,435 --> 00:43:26,437 MOMENT, FOR A COUPLE MORE 1124 00:43:26,437 --> 00:43:26,837 QUESTIONS. 1125 00:43:26,837 --> 00:43:28,105 DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS IN THE 1126 00:43:28,105 --> 00:43:28,539 AUDIENCE. 1127 00:43:28,539 --> 00:43:30,641 IF YOU HAVE A QUESTION, PLEASE 1128 00:43:30,641 --> 00:43:33,310 RAISE YOUR HAND AND WAIT FOR THE 1129 00:43:33,310 --> 00:43:34,878 MICROPHONE TO GET TO YOU. 1130 00:43:34,878 --> 00:43:36,647 >> WHAT DO YOU NEED THE 1131 00:43:36,647 --> 00:43:37,881 INFORMATION FOR? 1132 00:43:37,881 --> 00:43:39,383 IS IT JUST TO UNDERSTAND THEM 1133 00:43:39,383 --> 00:43:41,952 AND KNOWING MORE ABOUT IT? 1134 00:43:41,952 --> 00:43:45,589 OR IS IT TO MEASURE HOW IT 1135 00:43:45,589 --> 00:43:47,124 AFFECTS HUMAN BIOLOGY? 1136 00:43:47,124 --> 00:43:51,095 >> WELL COSMIC RAY SERVICE FOR 1137 00:43:51,095 --> 00:43:54,198 US IS A FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCE. 1138 00:43:54,198 --> 00:43:55,933 AT THIS POINT, WE'VE IDENTIFIED 1139 00:43:55,933 --> 00:43:57,501 WHAT THEY ARE, HOW THEY COME 1140 00:43:57,501 --> 00:43:58,969 FROM OUTER SPACE. 1141 00:43:58,969 --> 00:44:03,440 WE WANT TO PINPOINT THE SOURCES, 1142 00:44:03,440 --> 00:44:06,744 WHERE THEY COME FROM, HOW THE 1143 00:44:06,744 --> 00:44:08,312 OBJECTS IN THE UNIVERSE CREATE 1144 00:44:08,312 --> 00:44:08,612 THEM? 1145 00:44:08,612 --> 00:44:11,081 WHAT KIND OF MECHANISMS COULD 1146 00:44:11,081 --> 00:44:13,417 ACCELERATE THEM TO THE ENERGIES 1147 00:44:13,417 --> 00:44:13,851 THEY HAVE. 1148 00:44:13,851 --> 00:44:15,719 THE ENERGY RANGE WE MEASURE, ARE 1149 00:44:15,719 --> 00:44:18,288 HIGHER THAN WHAT WE CAN MAKE ON 1150 00:44:18,288 --> 00:44:18,622 EARTH. 1151 00:44:18,622 --> 00:44:21,158 WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND THESE 1152 00:44:21,158 --> 00:44:21,558 PROCESSES. 1153 00:44:21,558 --> 00:44:24,028 AND YEAH, SO IT'S A FUNDAMENTAL 1154 00:44:24,028 --> 00:44:24,395 SCIENCE. 1155 00:44:24,395 --> 00:44:27,865 THE ENERGIES ARE TOO HIGH TO 1156 00:44:27,865 --> 00:44:31,168 AFFECT THE ONES WE MEASURE, 1157 00:44:31,168 --> 00:44:32,669 BIOLOGY AND SPACE SCIENCE. 1158 00:44:32,669 --> 00:44:35,973 THERE'S LOWER ENERGY ONES THAT 1159 00:44:35,973 --> 00:44:37,574 HAVE THESE EFFECTS. 1160 00:44:37,574 --> 00:44:40,177 >> DO WE HAVE ANY OTHER 1161 00:44:40,177 --> 00:44:42,913 QUESTIONS IN THE ROOM? 1162 00:44:42,913 --> 00:44:45,983 THANK YOU, DR. SMITH. 1163 00:44:45,983 --> 00:44:46,583 >> THANK YOU. 1164 00:44:46,583 --> 00:44:48,986 [ APPLAUSE ] 1165 00:44:48,986 --> 00:44:51,822 >> OUR NEXT SPEAKER IS MICHAEL 1166 00:44:51,822 --> 00:44:54,558 DELL, PRINCIPLE INVESTIGATORS 1167 00:44:54,558 --> 00:44:57,995 FOR THE ROGUE RESEARCH 9 IN 1168 00:44:57,995 --> 00:45:01,331 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, 1169 00:45:01,331 --> 00:45:01,765 TALLAHASSEE. 1170 00:45:01,765 --> 00:45:03,467 >> GOOD AFTERNOON. 1171 00:45:03,467 --> 00:45:05,169 IT'S GOOD TO BE WITH YOU. 1172 00:45:05,169 --> 00:45:06,703 I'M PART OF THE ROGGE RESEARCH, 1173 00:45:06,703 --> 00:45:10,407 A NASA SPONSORED BY BIOLOGY. 1174 00:45:10,407 --> 00:45:14,011 IT FUNDAMENTALLY LOOKS AT THE 1175 00:45:14,011 --> 00:45:14,978 BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS THAT OCCUR 1176 00:45:14,978 --> 00:45:16,647 IN HUMANS WITH SPACE FLIGHT. 1177 00:45:16,647 --> 00:45:19,083 WE USE RODENTS TO BETTER 1178 00:45:19,083 --> 00:45:22,052 UNDERSTAND SOME OF THE PROBLEMS 1179 00:45:22,052 --> 00:45:24,922 AND REALLY TO, WITH BETTER 1180 00:45:24,922 --> 00:45:28,525 UNDERSTANDING TO BETTER PROPOSE 1181 00:45:28,525 --> 00:45:29,827 MORE EFFECTIVE COUNTER MEASURES 1182 00:45:29,827 --> 00:45:32,229 ON WHAT WE CAN DO IN SPACE OR 1183 00:45:32,229 --> 00:45:35,866 EVEN AFTER SPACE FLIGHT TO 1184 00:45:35,866 --> 00:45:37,301 COUNTERACT THAT. 1185 00:45:37,301 --> 00:45:40,671 THE MISSION I AM PART OF IS 1186 00:45:40,671 --> 00:45:42,139 ROGGE MISSION 9. 1187 00:45:42,139 --> 00:45:45,509 WE'RE LOOKING AT 2 BIOLOGICAL 1188 00:45:45,509 --> 00:45:45,843 ISSUES. 1189 00:45:45,843 --> 00:45:48,946 THE FIRST, VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS, 1190 00:45:48,946 --> 00:45:50,581 THAT OCCURS TO SOME OF THE 1191 00:45:50,581 --> 00:45:51,448 ASTRONAUTS. 1192 00:45:51,448 --> 00:45:54,651 TO DATE, IT ONLY KIRS IN MALE 1193 00:45:54,651 --> 00:45:55,085 ASTRONAUTS. 1194 00:45:55,085 --> 00:45:57,488 SO WE'RE LOOKING AT A COUPLE OF 1195 00:45:57,488 --> 00:46:00,457 DIFFERENT ASPECTS ON HOW VISUAL 1196 00:46:00,457 --> 00:46:01,658 IMPAIRMENT MAY OCCUR. 1197 00:46:01,658 --> 00:46:05,129 THE FIRST THING, IS THE VASCULAR 1198 00:46:05,129 --> 00:46:06,330 TUR AND PRESSURE IN THE EYE. 1199 00:46:06,330 --> 00:46:09,433 IF I COULD HAVE THE FIRST SLIDE, 1200 00:46:09,433 --> 00:46:10,467 PLEASE. 1201 00:46:10,467 --> 00:46:12,636 YOU COULD SEE IN THE EYE THAT 1202 00:46:12,636 --> 00:46:17,040 THERE'S A PRETTY DENSE VASCULAR 1203 00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:17,407 NETWORK. 1204 00:46:17,407 --> 00:46:21,378 THIS VASCULAR NETWORK CONTROLS 1205 00:46:21,378 --> 00:46:23,046 SOMETHING CALLED THE BLOOD 1206 00:46:23,046 --> 00:46:24,781 RETINOL BARRIER. 1207 00:46:24,781 --> 00:46:26,283 MANY HAVE HEARD OF BLOOD 1208 00:46:26,283 --> 00:46:27,217 BARRIER, WHICH IS A TIGHT 1209 00:46:27,217 --> 00:46:30,420 CONTROL OF FLUIDS, OTHER 1210 00:46:30,420 --> 00:46:32,689 MOLECULES THAT CROSS INTO THE 1211 00:46:32,689 --> 00:46:33,357 EYE AND INTO THE BRAIN. 1212 00:46:33,357 --> 00:46:35,292 THIS IS THE PICTURE OF THE 1213 00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:35,926 BLOOD. 1214 00:46:35,926 --> 00:46:38,762 RETINOL BARRIER WILL LOOK AT THE 1215 00:46:38,762 --> 00:46:40,097 BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER IN THE BRAIN 1216 00:46:40,097 --> 00:46:42,166 AND LOOKING AT DIFFERENT WAYS 1217 00:46:42,166 --> 00:46:48,906 THAT FLUIDS PASS FROM THE 1218 00:46:48,906 --> 00:46:50,641 VASCULARTOUR, AND HOW IT COULD 1219 00:46:50,641 --> 00:46:54,611 AFFECT INTERCRANIAL OR 1220 00:46:54,611 --> 00:46:56,980 INTERRETINOL PRESSURE. 1221 00:46:56,980 --> 00:46:58,649 AND THE SECOND THING, IS REALLY 1222 00:46:58,649 --> 00:47:00,250 LOOKING ON HOW THE BRAIN 1223 00:47:00,250 --> 00:47:00,684 CIRCULATION. 1224 00:47:00,684 --> 00:47:04,354 HOW IT AFFECTS THE BLOOD 1225 00:47:04,354 --> 00:47:06,990 PRESSURE IN THE SKULL. 1226 00:47:06,990 --> 00:47:08,592 AS PART OF THE CIRCULATION, 1227 00:47:08,592 --> 00:47:10,694 THERE'S THREE ASPECTS MOVING IN 1228 00:47:10,694 --> 00:47:11,628 AND OUT OF THE BRAIN. 1229 00:47:11,628 --> 00:47:13,797 ONE ARE THE ARTERIES AND THE 1230 00:47:13,797 --> 00:47:15,432 BLOOD GOING INTO THE BRAIN OR 1231 00:47:15,432 --> 00:47:17,668 SKULL CAVITY. 1232 00:47:17,668 --> 00:47:20,404 AND TWO OF THE VEINS THAT BRING 1233 00:47:20,404 --> 00:47:23,207 BLOOD AND FLUID OUT, IN A LESSER 1234 00:47:23,207 --> 00:47:24,875 KNOWN VASCULAR SYSTEM THAT'S IN 1235 00:47:24,875 --> 00:47:26,777 THE NECK THAT DRAINS THE HEAD 1236 00:47:26,777 --> 00:47:29,146 AND BRAIN IS THE LYMPATIC 1237 00:47:29,146 --> 00:47:29,513 SYSTEM. 1238 00:47:29,513 --> 00:47:31,148 I HAVE A SHORT VIDEO THAT SHOWS 1239 00:47:31,148 --> 00:47:33,116 SOME OF THE ACTION OF THE 1240 00:47:33,116 --> 00:47:37,187 LYMPATIC VESSELS THAT REISOLATE 1241 00:47:37,187 --> 00:47:38,522 AND STUDY. 1242 00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:41,525 SO THIS IS AN ISOLATED LYMPATIC 1243 00:47:41,525 --> 00:47:41,959 VESSEL. 1244 00:47:41,959 --> 00:47:44,962 WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT THE PUMPING 1245 00:47:44,962 --> 00:47:46,530 THAT OCCURS IN THE 1246 00:47:46,530 --> 00:47:47,564 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, YOU 1247 00:47:47,564 --> 00:47:49,132 USUALLY THINK ABOUT THE HEART. 1248 00:47:49,132 --> 00:47:54,004 THE HEART HAS ARHYTHMIC PUMPING. 1249 00:47:54,004 --> 00:47:55,973 IT HAS VALVES THAT KEEP BLOOD OR 1250 00:47:55,973 --> 00:47:57,641 FLUID MOVING IN ONE DIRECTION. 1251 00:47:57,641 --> 00:47:59,476 IF YOU SEE AMISS IN THE MIDDLE 1252 00:47:59,476 --> 00:48:02,412 OF THE PICTURE, YOU WILL SEE A 1253 00:48:02,412 --> 00:48:04,147 SET OF SMALL VALVES. 1254 00:48:04,147 --> 00:48:07,618 THOSE VALVES KEEP FLUID MOVING 1255 00:48:07,618 --> 00:48:09,820 ONE WAY TOWARD THE HEART. 1256 00:48:09,820 --> 00:48:12,889 THE LYMPATIC VESSELS ARE 1257 00:48:12,889 --> 00:48:14,691 THROUGHOUT THE BODY. 1258 00:48:14,691 --> 00:48:17,628 IT IS REALLY THE LYMPATIC IN THE 1259 00:48:17,628 --> 00:48:19,796 NECK, THAT DETERMINES THE BLOOD 1260 00:48:19,796 --> 00:48:21,832 PRESSURE OR FLUID PRESSURE IN 1261 00:48:21,832 --> 00:48:23,367 THE BRAIN AS WELL AS THE EYES. 1262 00:48:23,367 --> 00:48:25,469 WE WILL BE LOOKING AT THIS. 1263 00:48:25,469 --> 00:48:27,604 WE'RE WORKING WITH SEVERAL 1264 00:48:27,604 --> 00:48:30,207 SCIENTISTS IN THE INTEROKAY CULL 1265 00:48:30,207 --> 00:48:33,277 LAR AND CRANIAL. 1266 00:48:33,277 --> 00:48:41,418 DR. VIVIAN MAL, AND DR. DAVID 1267 00:48:41,418 --> 00:48:43,553 DEVEJAS WILL BE LOOKING AT THE 1268 00:48:43,553 --> 00:48:45,489 LYMPATIC AND MY LAB WILL BE 1269 00:48:45,489 --> 00:48:48,325 STUDYING THE ARTERIES AND THE 1270 00:48:48,325 --> 00:48:48,659 VEINS. 1271 00:48:48,659 --> 00:48:51,128 THE OTHER ISSUE THAT'S STUDY 1272 00:48:51,128 --> 00:48:53,430 WITH THE ANIMALS IS LOCO MOTION. 1273 00:48:53,430 --> 00:48:56,566 BECAUSE MICRO GRAVITY, YOU HAVE 1274 00:48:56,566 --> 00:49:01,004 A FAIRLY SEVERE PHYSICAL 1275 00:49:01,004 --> 00:49:02,272 INACTIVITY, THAT COULD AFFECT A 1276 00:49:02,272 --> 00:49:04,875 NUMBER OF ORGAN SYSTEM, SUCH AS 1277 00:49:04,875 --> 00:49:06,376 MUSCLE AND BONE LOSS THAT YOU 1278 00:49:06,376 --> 00:49:07,110 HEARD ABOUT. 1279 00:49:07,110 --> 00:49:10,514 WE'RE IN THE PROJECT, IT'S 1280 00:49:10,514 --> 00:49:13,650 REALLY DR. JEFF WILLY, FROM LAKE 1281 00:49:13,650 --> 00:49:15,118 FOREST COLLEGE OF MEDICINE. 1282 00:49:15,118 --> 00:49:19,189 HE WILL BE LOOKING AT HOW THE 1283 00:49:19,189 --> 00:49:21,325 ANIMALS, LOCO MOTE, BEFORE THEY 1284 00:49:21,325 --> 00:49:23,093 GO INTO SPACE. 1285 00:49:23,093 --> 00:49:25,062 ONCE THEY GET BACK, HOW THEIR 1286 00:49:25,062 --> 00:49:28,665 LOCO MOTION HAS CHANGED. 1287 00:49:28,665 --> 00:49:36,773 SPECIFICALLY HE'S LOOKING AT THE 1288 00:49:36,773 --> 00:49:46,416 CARTILAGE IN THE JOINTS. 1289 00:49:46,416 --> 00:49:49,353 AGAIN, RODEO RESEARCH IS GEARED 1290 00:49:49,353 --> 00:49:52,856 TOWARD HELPING US MAINTAIN AND 1291 00:49:52,856 --> 00:49:56,560 UNDERSTAND HEALTH ISSUES, 1292 00:50:00,097 --> 00:49:59,663 ASTRONAUT 1293 00:50:00,097 --> 00:50:03,300 IN BEING IN SPACE IN MONTHS AND 1294 00:50:03,300 --> 00:50:03,633 YEARS. 1295 00:50:03,633 --> 00:50:14,778 SO THANK YOU. 1296 00:50:14,778 --> 00:50:21,184 AND PLEASE HOLD UP YOUR HAND TO 1297 00:50:21,184 --> 00:50:21,618 MICROPHONE. 1298 00:50:21,618 --> 00:50:23,854 >> WHAT MAKES RODENT CANDIDATES 1299 00:50:23,854 --> 00:50:27,357 TO THE RESEARCH IN TERMS OF 1300 00:50:27,357 --> 00:50:28,558 OTHER ANIMALS. 1301 00:50:28,558 --> 00:50:31,027 >> THERE'S BETTER ANIMALS, 1302 00:50:31,027 --> 00:50:33,330 NONHUMAN PRIMATE WILL BE IDEAL. 1303 00:50:33,330 --> 00:50:36,433 WITH RODENTS, YOU COULD FLY A 1304 00:50:36,433 --> 00:50:41,071 LARGER NUMBER OF THE ANIMALS. 1305 00:50:41,071 --> 00:50:46,309 OTHER THING, RODENTS AND RATS, 1306 00:50:46,309 --> 00:50:49,713 THEY HAVE -- THEIR LIFESTYLE IS 1307 00:50:49,713 --> 00:50:50,313 SHORTER. 1308 00:50:50,313 --> 00:50:53,383 CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN WEEKS, 1309 00:50:53,383 --> 00:50:54,918 MICE AND RATS TAKES MONTHS TO 1310 00:50:54,918 --> 00:50:55,185 DO. 1311 00:50:55,185 --> 00:50:59,222 30 DAYS, OF A MOUSE BEING IN 1312 00:50:59,222 --> 00:51:01,858 SPACE, IS ROUGHLY THE EQUIVALENT 1313 00:51:01,858 --> 00:51:04,394 OF 3 YEARS OF A HUMAN. 1314 00:51:04,394 --> 00:51:07,531 WE CAN GET A GOOD LOOK AT WHAT 1315 00:51:07,531 --> 00:51:11,601 LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT WILL 1316 00:51:11,601 --> 00:51:14,204 BE LIKE, PARTICULARLY AS WE 1317 00:51:14,204 --> 00:51:16,740 THINK ABOUT MAN MISSIONS TO MOON 1318 00:51:16,740 --> 00:51:17,507 AND MARS. 1319 00:51:17,507 --> 00:51:19,309 >> AND I BELIEVE WE HAVE ANOTHER 1320 00:51:19,309 --> 00:51:20,243 QUESTION IN THE ROOM. 1321 00:51:20,243 --> 00:51:25,649 PLEASE WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE 1322 00:51:25,649 --> 00:51:27,284 >> DO YOU EXPECT TO HAVE 1323 00:51:27,284 --> 00:51:29,319 DIFFERENT GENERATIONS, OR JUST 1324 00:51:29,319 --> 00:51:30,353 ONE GENERATION. 1325 00:51:30,353 --> 00:51:31,721 >> JUST ONE. 1326 00:51:31,721 --> 00:51:34,191 20 MICE THAT WE'LL BE SENDING. 1327 00:51:34,191 --> 00:51:37,761 THEY WILL BE GOING UP AT 6 WEEKS 1328 00:51:37,761 --> 00:51:48,505 OF AGE. 1329 00:51:48,505 --> 00:51:50,640 DO WE HAVE OTHER QUESTIONS IN 1330 00:51:50,640 --> 00:51:51,074 THE ROOM. 1331 00:51:51,074 --> 00:51:53,477 PLEASE WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE? 1332 00:51:53,477 --> 00:51:55,846 >> IS THE VISION TEMPORARY OR 1333 00:51:55,846 --> 00:51:56,279 PERMANENT? 1334 00:51:56,279 --> 00:51:59,049 >> THERE WERE VISIONS SEEN IN 1335 00:51:59,049 --> 00:52:00,550 ACUTITY THAT WAS SEEN IN THE 1336 00:52:00,550 --> 00:52:00,984 ASTRONAUTS. 1337 00:52:00,984 --> 00:52:03,653 IT WAS NOT UNTIL THE ASTRONAUTS 1338 00:52:03,653 --> 00:52:06,623 WERE IN SPACE FOUR MONTHS AND 1339 00:52:06,623 --> 00:52:09,559 LONGER, THAT STARTED TO HAVE 1340 00:52:09,559 --> 00:52:11,161 VISUAL CHANGES THAT WERE 1341 00:52:11,161 --> 00:52:11,561 PERMANENT. 1342 00:52:11,561 --> 00:52:13,263 WITH THE PERMANENT CHANGES, 1343 00:52:13,263 --> 00:52:15,432 THAT'S WHEN YOU START TO BE MORE 1344 00:52:15,432 --> 00:52:15,832 CONCERNED. 1345 00:52:15,832 --> 00:52:17,968 IN 2010, NASA HELD A CONFERENCE, 1346 00:52:17,968 --> 00:52:19,703 TO BRING OUT THE PROBLEM, TO 1347 00:52:19,703 --> 00:52:21,104 BRING EXPERTS TOGETHER, TO TRY 1348 00:52:21,104 --> 00:52:23,607 TO LOOK AT WHAT MAY BE THE 1349 00:52:23,607 --> 00:52:25,976 UNDERLYING CAUSES FOR THIS. 1350 00:52:25,976 --> 00:52:29,012 THIS IS REALLY A CONTINUATION OF 1351 00:52:29,012 --> 00:52:38,722 THAT EFFOR . 1352 00:52:38,722 --> 00:52:41,424 >> HOW IS THE RESEARCH SH TO BE 1353 00:52:41,424 --> 00:52:45,328 APPLIED IN OTHER ASPECTS OF 1354 00:52:45,328 --> 00:52:45,629 BODY. 1355 00:52:45,629 --> 00:52:47,264 >> DO THE MICE MIND BEING IN 1356 00:52:47,264 --> 00:52:47,731 SPACE? 1357 00:52:47,731 --> 00:52:49,232 WELL, IT'S HARD TO KNOW EXACTLY 1358 00:52:49,232 --> 00:52:54,371 WHAT A HAPPY MOUSE LOOKS LIKES. 1359 00:52:54,371 --> 00:52:56,907 ONE OF THE THINGS THAT IS 1360 00:52:56,907 --> 00:52:58,675 AMAZING TO ME, THE MICE, WHEN 1361 00:52:58,675 --> 00:53:00,844 THEY ARE UP IN SPACE AND THE 1362 00:53:00,844 --> 00:53:02,145 CAGE CONFIGURATION THAT THEY 1363 00:53:02,145 --> 00:53:04,714 ARE, THEY ACTUALLY USE THE CAGE 1364 00:53:04,714 --> 00:53:06,950 AS A RUNNING WHEEL. 1365 00:53:06,950 --> 00:53:08,752 THEY WILL RUN AROUND THE CAGE. 1366 00:53:08,752 --> 00:53:10,520 YOU MIGHT THINK THEY WOULD FLOAT 1367 00:53:10,520 --> 00:53:12,822 AROUND THERE, BUT THEY LEARN 1368 00:53:12,822 --> 00:53:14,891 AFTER A COUPLE OF DAYS, AND ONE 1369 00:53:14,891 --> 00:53:16,760 OF THEM WILL START DOING IT. 1370 00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:19,563 THEN SEVERAL AND BEFORE YOU KNOW 1371 00:53:19,563 --> 00:53:20,830 IT, THE WHOLE CAGE. 1372 00:53:20,830 --> 00:53:23,700 IF ONE CAGE IS DOING, THERE'S AN 1373 00:53:23,700 --> 00:53:27,137 ADJACENT CAGE IN A DAY OR SO 1374 00:53:27,137 --> 00:53:27,470 LATER. 1375 00:53:27,470 --> 00:53:29,573 THE ADJACENT CAGE WILL START 1376 00:53:29,573 --> 00:53:29,906 DOING. 1377 00:53:29,906 --> 00:53:31,908 THERE'S STUDY, IF YOU PUT A 1378 00:53:31,908 --> 00:53:33,843 RUNNING WHEEL IN THE MIDDLE OF 1379 00:53:33,843 --> 00:53:35,679 THE FIELD, WILD MICE WILL COME 1380 00:53:35,679 --> 00:53:38,648 ON AND GET ON THE RUNNING WHEEL 1381 00:53:38,648 --> 00:53:40,417 AND START RUNNING. 1382 00:53:40,417 --> 00:53:41,885 THEY DON'T HAVE TO. 1383 00:53:41,885 --> 00:53:43,320 THEY HAVE EXERCISED FOR OTHER 1384 00:53:43,320 --> 00:53:43,687 REASONS. 1385 00:53:43,687 --> 00:53:45,488 I WILL SAY, THERE'S INDICATIONS, 1386 00:53:45,488 --> 00:53:46,556 THEY DEAL WITH. 1387 00:53:46,556 --> 00:53:48,658 IT'S A STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENT. 1388 00:53:48,658 --> 00:53:50,093 IT'S STRESSFUL FOR HUMANS. 1389 00:53:50,093 --> 00:53:52,295 THEY HAVE WAYS THAT SHOW THAT 1390 00:53:52,295 --> 00:54:02,339 THEY COPE WITH IT PRETTY WELL. 1391 00:54:02,339 --> 00:54:04,040 >> WE HAVE ONE MORE QUESTION. 1392 00:54:04,040 --> 00:54:12,582 PLEASE WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE. 1393 00:54:12,582 --> 00:54:15,352 >> RESEARCH, IDENTIFY OTHER 1394 00:54:15,352 --> 00:54:17,587 SORTS OF EYE DISEASES, PEOPLE 1395 00:54:17,587 --> 00:54:19,055 SUFFER HERE ON EARTH. 1396 00:54:19,055 --> 00:54:22,092 >> IT'S POSSIBLE. 1397 00:54:22,092 --> 00:54:26,730 ANYTIME YOU ARE ABLE TO 1398 00:54:26,730 --> 00:54:28,598 ALOSEDATE FACTORS, SAY THAT 1399 00:54:28,598 --> 00:54:29,599 COULD AFFECT VISION, AND IT 1400 00:54:29,599 --> 00:54:31,301 COULD HAVE THE, THE POSSIBILITY 1401 00:54:31,301 --> 00:54:33,703 OF THE SAME AFFECTS, IN WAYS YOU 1402 00:54:33,703 --> 00:54:36,206 DIDN'T THINK ABOUT. 1403 00:54:36,206 --> 00:54:39,843 SO I THINK FROM EVEN IF IT'S NOT 1404 00:54:39,843 --> 00:54:42,145 DIRECTLY APPLICABLE, THE BIOLOGY 1405 00:54:42,145 --> 00:54:44,014 OF UNDERSTANDING THE VARIOUS 1406 00:54:44,014 --> 00:54:47,917 FACTORS, THAT COULD PLAY A ROLE 1407 00:54:47,917 --> 00:54:50,987 IN VISUAL ACUTITY AND HOW IT 1408 00:54:50,987 --> 00:54:53,390 WILL CHANGE, AND I THINK THAT 1409 00:54:53,390 --> 00:54:56,092 HELPS US UNDERSTAND BETTER OUR 1410 00:54:56,092 --> 00:54:57,894 ORGANISM AS A WHOLE AND HOW IT 1411 00:54:57,894 --> 00:55:00,030 ADAPTS TO SITUATIONS OF 1412 00:55:00,030 --> 00:55:01,498 DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL 1413 00:55:01,498 --> 00:55:04,668 CONDITIONS AND GRAVITY BEING ONE 1414 00:55:04,668 --> 00:55:08,805 OF THE CONDITION . 1415 00:55:08,805 --> 00:55:12,242 >> THANK YOU, DR. DAL. 1416 00:55:12,242 --> 00:55:13,510 >> THANK YOU VERY MUCH. 1417 00:55:13,510 --> 00:55:13,943 [ APPLAUSE ] 1418 00:55:13,943 --> 00:55:15,779 >> JUST A REMINDER FOR THOSE WHO 1419 00:55:15,779 --> 00:55:18,014 ARE FOLLOWING ALONG, EITHER ON 1420 00:55:18,014 --> 00:55:20,216 SOCIAL MEDIA OR IN THE ROOM, YOU 1421 00:55:20,216 --> 00:55:22,752 COULD USE THE #ASK NASA TO 1422 00:55:22,752 --> 00:55:24,988 COMMENT ON THE BRIEFING OR ASK A 1423 00:55:24,988 --> 00:55:25,355 QUESTION. 1424 00:55:25,355 --> 00:55:28,324 >>> THE NEXT PRESENTERS ARE JOHN 1425 00:55:28,324 --> 00:55:30,326 BONDIN, CHIEF ENGINEER FOR THE 1426 00:55:30,326 --> 00:55:33,430 ARMY, CHIEFS, MISSILE COMMAND. 1427 00:55:33,430 --> 00:55:36,666 WHEELER CHET PARTY, FOR THE U.S. 1428 00:55:36,666 --> 00:55:40,870 ARMY SPACE OF THE U.S. COMMAND. 1429 00:55:40,870 --> 00:55:43,106 PLEASE JOIN US. 1430 00:55:43,106 --> 00:55:45,875 >> THANK YOU, TABITHA. 1431 00:55:45,875 --> 00:55:47,777 GOOD AFTERNOON, EVERYBODY. 1432 00:55:47,777 --> 00:55:49,312 WE'RE VERY HAPPY TO BE HERE. 1433 00:55:49,312 --> 00:55:51,781 WE'RE GOING TO TALK TO YOU ABOUT 1434 00:55:51,781 --> 00:55:55,218 A PROGRAM CALLED KESTERLY. 1435 00:55:55,218 --> 00:55:57,754 KESTERLY, IS A SATELLITE, UNLIKE 1436 00:55:57,754 --> 00:56:01,157 THE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY YOU 1437 00:56:01,157 --> 00:56:03,059 HEARD ABOUT. 1438 00:56:03,059 --> 00:56:05,195 KESTERLY, IS A SATELLITE 1439 00:56:05,195 --> 00:56:06,496 DEPLOYED FROM THE SPACE STATION. 1440 00:56:06,496 --> 00:56:08,164 IT'S A PROGRAM WE'VE BEEN 1441 00:56:08,164 --> 00:56:11,034 WORKING ON FOR FIVE YEARS 1442 00:56:11,034 --> 00:56:12,669 IN FACT, I HAVE THE FIRST SLIDE, 1443 00:56:12,669 --> 00:56:13,002 PLEASE. 1444 00:56:13,002 --> 00:56:16,973 YOU COULD SEE A PICTURE OF IT 1445 00:56:16,973 --> 00:56:17,307 THERE. 1446 00:56:17,307 --> 00:56:21,077 IT'S ABOUT A SIZE OF A DORM ROOM 1447 00:56:21,077 --> 00:56:21,511 REFRIGERATOR. 1448 00:56:21,511 --> 00:56:24,781 AND COMPARED TO MANY SATELLITES 1449 00:56:24,781 --> 00:56:27,584 IN SPACE TODAY, THAT'S 1450 00:56:27,584 --> 00:56:28,985 RELATIVELY SMALL, BUT IT IS A 1451 00:56:28,985 --> 00:56:31,588 TESTIMONY OF THE TECHNOLOGY, THE 1452 00:56:31,588 --> 00:56:33,389 REVOLUTION IN ELECTRONICS 1453 00:56:33,389 --> 00:56:34,858 REVOLUTION TAKING PLACE IN THE 1454 00:56:34,858 --> 00:56:36,159 LAST 20 YEARS. 1455 00:56:36,159 --> 00:56:37,660 CERTAINLY, THERE'S NO BETTER 1456 00:56:37,660 --> 00:56:39,963 EXAMPLE OF THAT, THAN HOLDING 1457 00:56:39,963 --> 00:56:43,199 THE SMART PHONE IN YOUR HAND AND 1458 00:56:43,199 --> 00:56:47,570 REALIZING THE CONFRONTATIONAL 1459 00:56:47,570 --> 00:56:48,938 PROBLEM. 1460 00:56:48,938 --> 00:56:50,907 AND THERE'S A LOT OF PEOPLE 1461 00:56:50,907 --> 00:56:52,275 DOING IT IN THE GOVERNMENT AS 1462 00:56:52,275 --> 00:56:55,178 WELL AS THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR, 1463 00:56:55,178 --> 00:56:56,346 TAKING ADVANTAGE OF THE 1464 00:56:56,346 --> 00:56:57,714 INCREDIBLE POWER YOU COULD PACK 1465 00:56:57,714 --> 00:56:58,948 IN A SMALL SPACE. 1466 00:56:58,948 --> 00:57:00,984 THE PARTICULAR SATELLITE IS 1467 00:57:00,984 --> 00:57:03,686 DESIGNED AS AN IMAGING 1468 00:57:03,686 --> 00:57:04,087 SATELLITE. 1469 00:57:04,087 --> 00:57:05,321 IT'S IMPORTANT FOR THE ARMY TO 1470 00:57:05,321 --> 00:57:10,460 BE ABLE TO DO IMAGERY. 1471 00:57:10,460 --> 00:57:12,929 WHAT SETS IT APART FROM OTHER IN 1472 00:57:12,929 --> 00:57:15,298 THE PAST, IT HAS THE CAPABILITY 1473 00:57:15,298 --> 00:57:18,434 TO SEND THE IMAGE FROM THE USER 1474 00:57:18,434 --> 00:57:19,402 ON THE GROUND. 1475 00:57:19,402 --> 00:57:21,137 THE TIME IS ASKED TO TAKE THE 1476 00:57:21,137 --> 00:57:24,274 PICTURE TO THE TIME IT SENDS THE 1477 00:57:24,274 --> 00:57:25,708 PICTURE ON THE GROUND, APPEARS 1478 00:57:25,708 --> 00:57:27,877 ON THE GROUND, VERY, VERY SHORT 1479 00:57:27,877 --> 00:57:28,912 PERIOD OF TIME. 1480 00:57:28,912 --> 00:57:30,547 MEASURED IN 1-2 MINUTES. 1481 00:57:30,547 --> 00:57:33,716 I WILL TURN IT OVER TO MY 1482 00:57:33,716 --> 00:57:36,186 COLLEAGUE, CHIP HARD YES. 1483 00:57:36,186 --> 00:57:37,887 LET ME HAVE ONE MORE SLIDE, 1484 00:57:37,887 --> 00:57:38,221 PLEASE. 1485 00:57:38,221 --> 00:57:40,924 I'LL TURN IT OVER TO CHIP, THE 1486 00:57:40,924 --> 00:57:42,892 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 1487 00:57:42,892 --> 00:57:45,762 THAT TELLS YOU THE THREE KEY 1488 00:57:45,762 --> 00:57:46,162 TENANTS. 1489 00:57:46,162 --> 00:57:47,931 THE FIRST ONE IS LOW COST. 1490 00:57:47,931 --> 00:57:49,866 IT'S NOT ONLY SMALL, BUT IT 1491 00:57:49,866 --> 00:57:51,568 DOESN'T COST MUCH. 1492 00:57:51,568 --> 00:57:52,702 THAT'S IMPORTANT FOR ANYBODY 1493 00:57:52,702 --> 00:57:55,438 THAT'S DEVELOPING THE SPACE 1494 00:57:55,438 --> 00:57:55,805 SYSTEMS. 1495 00:57:55,805 --> 00:57:58,107 IT'S REALLY REMARKABLE, HOW LOW 1496 00:57:58,107 --> 00:57:59,809 COST SYSTEMS THEY HAVE TODAY. 1497 00:57:59,809 --> 00:58:04,047 THE SECOND, IS SURVIVABILITY. 1498 00:58:04,047 --> 00:58:06,883 THEY ARE INHERENT SURVIVABLE 1499 00:58:06,883 --> 00:58:07,951 OPERATING. 1500 00:58:07,951 --> 00:58:09,919 ABOUT, THE RESPONSIVE ASPECT, 1501 00:58:09,919 --> 00:58:12,121 THE ABILITY TO GET IT TO THE 1502 00:58:12,121 --> 00:58:13,356 GROUND RAPIDLY. 1503 00:58:13,356 --> 00:58:14,891 LET YOU TALK ABOUT THE SPECIFICS 1504 00:58:14,891 --> 00:58:16,092 OF THE SPACECRAFT. 1505 00:58:16,092 --> 00:58:17,427 CHIP, TAKE AWAY. 1506 00:58:17,427 --> 00:58:19,229 >>> AS JOHN SAID, MY NAME IS 1507 00:58:19,229 --> 00:58:20,663 CHIP HARDEY. 1508 00:58:20,663 --> 00:58:23,700 THE PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT MANAGER. 1509 00:58:23,700 --> 00:58:29,505 JOHN INDICATED, KESTERLY IS A 1510 00:58:29,505 --> 00:58:32,609 MICRO CLASS SATELLITE, THAT IS 1511 00:58:32,609 --> 00:58:35,144 DESIGNED TO PROVIDE TACTICAL 1512 00:58:35,144 --> 00:58:37,981 USEFUL IMAGES, AT A TACTICAL 1513 00:58:37,981 --> 00:58:39,849 LEVEL TO THE USER ON THE GROUND. 1514 00:58:39,849 --> 00:58:41,284 WHAT WE'RE DOING IN THE SPACE 1515 00:58:41,284 --> 00:58:44,354 STATION, IS EXPERIMENT. 1516 00:58:44,354 --> 00:58:48,358 IF SUCCESSFUL COULD LEAD TO AN 1517 00:58:48,358 --> 00:58:50,093 OBJECTIVE SYSTEM. 1518 00:58:50,093 --> 00:58:52,762 THE MAIN PURPOSE -- THE MAIN 1519 00:58:52,762 --> 00:58:54,297 BENEFIT IS NOT TO PROVIDE HIGH 1520 00:58:54,297 --> 00:58:58,334 QUALITY IMAGES, BUT RATHER BEING 1521 00:58:58,334 --> 00:58:59,269 LOW COST. 1522 00:58:59,269 --> 00:59:01,504 YOU COULD HAVE MANY SATELLITES, 1523 00:59:01,504 --> 00:59:03,706 TO POPULATE A CONSTELLATION, IN 1524 00:59:03,706 --> 00:59:08,211 ORDER TO HAVE ONE PERSISTENTLY, 1525 00:59:08,211 --> 00:59:10,280 FREQUENTLY OVERHEAD TO PROVIDE 1526 00:59:10,280 --> 00:59:12,849 SOME PERSISTENT PRESENCE. 1527 00:59:12,849 --> 00:59:15,652 AND THEN THE FINAL POINT TO 1528 00:59:15,652 --> 00:59:20,657 MAKE, IS THAT BEING LOW COST AND 1529 00:59:20,657 --> 00:59:23,626 HAVING MANY SATELLITES. 1530 00:59:23,626 --> 00:59:25,828 WHEN YOU LAUNCH OR HAVE A 1531 00:59:25,828 --> 00:59:27,997 FAILURE WHEN YOU LAUNCH OR 1532 00:59:27,997 --> 00:59:29,966 ANOMALY WITH A SINGLE SATELLITE, 1533 00:59:29,966 --> 00:59:31,634 DOESN'T LEAD TO A LOSS OF 1534 00:59:31,634 --> 00:59:33,069 SERVICE. 1535 00:59:33,069 --> 00:59:36,940 THEREFORE, YOU HAVE GRACEFUL 1536 00:59:36,940 --> 00:59:37,407 DEGRADATION. 1537 00:59:37,407 --> 00:59:39,442 IT IS A JOINT CAPABILITY 1538 00:59:39,442 --> 00:59:40,410 TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM. 1539 00:59:40,410 --> 00:59:42,211 THIS IS A SPECIAL PROGRAM, 1540 00:59:42,211 --> 00:59:44,580 THAT'S OFF THE SECRETARY OF 1541 00:59:44,580 --> 00:59:44,948 DEFENSE. 1542 00:59:44,948 --> 00:59:51,487 AND AS SUCH, WE HAVE A COCON 1543 00:59:51,487 --> 00:59:52,889 SPONSOR, COMBATIVE COMMAND 1544 00:59:52,889 --> 00:59:53,289 RESPONSER. 1545 00:59:53,289 --> 00:59:54,290 A SPECIFIC COMMAND. 1546 00:59:54,290 --> 00:59:58,628 ONCE WE'RE IN ORBIT, THE LARGE 1547 00:59:58,628 --> 01:00:06,636 PART IS TO EVALUATE. 1548 01:00:06,636 --> 01:00:09,472 COCON WILL DO AN ASSESSMENT OF 1549 01:00:09,472 --> 01:00:09,772 THAT. 1550 01:00:09,772 --> 01:00:13,276 >> TOUGH DUTY TO DOING THE 1551 01:00:13,276 --> 01:00:15,778 EXPERIMENT IN OAHU. 1552 01:00:15,778 --> 01:00:18,147 HE HAD TO SPEND A MONTH OVER 1553 01:00:18,147 --> 01:00:18,481 THERE. 1554 01:00:18,481 --> 01:00:19,849 BUT HAD HE TO DO IT. 1555 01:00:19,849 --> 01:00:22,285 >> AND SUBJECT TO THE QUESTIONS, 1556 01:00:22,285 --> 01:00:23,519 TABITHA, THAT'S ALL WE HAVE. 1557 01:00:23,519 --> 01:00:25,722 >>> IF WE HAVE QUESTIONS IN THE 1558 01:00:25,722 --> 01:00:27,190 ROOM, PLEASE RAISE YOUR HAND. 1559 01:00:27,190 --> 01:00:29,525 WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE TO MAKE 1560 01:00:29,525 --> 01:00:30,493 ITS WAY TO YOU. 1561 01:00:30,493 --> 01:00:31,894 IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS AND YOU'RE 1562 01:00:31,894 --> 01:00:40,370 FOLLOWING ON-LINE, SUBMIT THAT, 1563 01:00:42,605 --> 01:00:40,903 VIA 1564 01:00:42,605 --> 01:00:45,408 >> WHAT KIND OF DEVICES ON THE 1565 01:00:45,408 --> 01:00:46,843 GROUND, RECEIVING IMAGES FROM 1566 01:00:46,843 --> 01:00:49,078 THE SATELLITE? 1567 01:00:49,078 --> 01:00:52,682 >> SO WE HAVE, FOR THE JCTD, WE 1568 01:00:52,682 --> 01:00:54,250 HAVE THE EXPERIMENT. 1569 01:00:54,250 --> 01:00:56,552 WE HAVE TWO GROUND STATIONS. 1570 01:00:56,552 --> 01:01:00,923 ONE IS IN OUR PLACE OF BUSINESS, 1571 01:01:00,923 --> 01:01:02,125 REDSTONE, ALBA MA. 1572 01:01:02,125 --> 01:01:04,927 AND THE OTHER ONE, IS THE 1573 01:01:04,927 --> 01:01:07,130 PACIFIC DEMAND IN HONOLULU. 1574 01:01:07,130 --> 01:01:09,999 THE ONE IN RED STONE IS A FIX 1575 01:01:09,999 --> 01:01:11,701 SITE ANTENNA. 1576 01:01:11,701 --> 01:01:15,238 THE ONE IN THE OTHER DEMAND IS A 1577 01:01:15,238 --> 01:01:18,841 HIGHLY MOTOR ANTENNA, CALLED THE 1578 01:01:18,841 --> 01:01:19,742 GATOR. 1579 01:01:19,742 --> 01:01:22,311 IT'S AN INFLATABLE ANTENNA, THAT 1580 01:01:22,311 --> 01:01:25,314 HAS GREAT LOGISTICS. 1581 01:01:25,314 --> 01:01:28,551 IT IS LIGHT WEIGHT COMPARED TO A 1582 01:01:28,551 --> 01:01:31,487 TRADITIONAL ANTENNA. 1583 01:01:31,487 --> 01:01:33,489 THEY HAVE A GREATER MAGNITUDE IN 1584 01:01:33,489 --> 01:01:33,823 WEIGHT. 1585 01:01:33,823 --> 01:01:37,393 >> THE ANTENNA, IF CHIP IS 1586 01:01:37,393 --> 01:01:40,263 TALKING ABOUT, COULD ADD TO 1587 01:01:40,263 --> 01:01:40,630 THAT. 1588 01:01:40,630 --> 01:01:42,198 IT IS VERY LIGHT WEIGHT AND IT 1589 01:01:42,198 --> 01:01:42,598 COULD BE. 1590 01:01:42,598 --> 01:01:45,401 YOU COULD TAKE THE ENTIRE 1591 01:01:45,401 --> 01:01:47,570 ANTENNA SYSTEM. 1592 01:01:47,570 --> 01:01:49,605 2.1 METER, ANTENNA. 1593 01:01:49,605 --> 01:01:50,840 IT'S INFLATABLE. 1594 01:01:50,840 --> 01:01:53,209 YOU COULD ACTUALLY PACK IT ON 1595 01:01:53,209 --> 01:01:56,446 CHECKED BAGGAGE ON A NORMAL 1596 01:01:56,446 --> 01:01:57,980 COMMERCIAL AIRLINER. 1597 01:01:57,980 --> 01:01:59,682 TAKE IT WHEREVER YOU NEED TO GO. 1598 01:01:59,682 --> 01:02:02,385 IT'S REALLY GREAT FROM THE 1599 01:02:02,385 --> 01:02:02,785 STANDPOINT. 1600 01:02:02,785 --> 01:02:05,555 AND TO UNDER SCORE WHAT CHIP IS 1601 01:02:05,555 --> 01:02:06,923 SAYING, THE GROUND STATION 1602 01:02:06,923 --> 01:02:10,359 CONSISTS OF THE ANTENNA AND A 1603 01:02:10,359 --> 01:02:15,832 TRANSMIT AND RECEIVE RADIO AND A 1604 01:02:15,832 --> 01:02:16,165 LAPTOP. 1605 01:02:16,165 --> 01:02:17,033 THAT'S IT 1606 01:02:17,033 --> 01:02:17,967 >> WE HAVE ONE QUESTION FROM 1607 01:02:17,967 --> 01:02:19,635 SOCIAL MEDIA AND WE'LL TAKE THE 1608 01:02:19,635 --> 01:02:21,003 NEXT QUESTION IN THE ROOM. 1609 01:02:21,003 --> 01:02:23,039 >> THIS QUESTION COMES FROM 1610 01:02:23,039 --> 01:02:23,439 TWITTER. 1611 01:02:23,439 --> 01:02:25,208 YOU COULD TELL US ABOUT ANY 1612 01:02:25,208 --> 01:02:27,009 CIVILIAN OR EMERGENCY USES FOR 1613 01:02:27,009 --> 01:02:29,212 THE RESPONSE TO NATIONAL 1614 01:02:29,212 --> 01:02:29,645 DISASTERS? 1615 01:02:29,645 --> 01:02:31,948 >> FIRST OF ALL, ONE OF KEY 1616 01:02:31,948 --> 01:02:33,683 ROLES THAT THE MILITARY HAS 1617 01:02:33,683 --> 01:02:36,486 TODAY IS IN HUMANITARIAN 1618 01:02:36,486 --> 01:02:36,919 ASSISTANCE. 1619 01:02:36,919 --> 01:02:38,955 WHEN THERE'S A HURRICANE 1620 01:02:38,955 --> 01:02:40,990 DISASTER, FOR EXAMPLE IN THE 1621 01:02:40,990 --> 01:02:42,625 CARIBBEAN, UNITED STATES 1622 01:02:42,625 --> 01:02:45,361 MILITARY WILL BE CALLED TO HELP 1623 01:02:45,361 --> 01:02:48,097 IN THE SYSTEM THAT OFTEN TIMES 1624 01:02:48,097 --> 01:02:49,565 COMMUNICATIONS AND IMAGERY 1625 01:02:49,565 --> 01:02:51,067 INFORMATION ARE LACKING IN THOSE 1626 01:02:51,067 --> 01:02:54,237 KINDS OF SITUATIONS IS. 1627 01:02:54,237 --> 01:02:57,840 THIS COULD PROVIDE TREMENDOUS 1628 01:02:57,840 --> 01:02:58,774 CAPABILITY FOR THAT. 1629 01:02:58,774 --> 01:03:01,210 IT COULD BE AVAILABLE FOR OTHER 1630 01:03:01,210 --> 01:03:03,346 GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING 1631 01:03:03,346 --> 01:03:05,882 CIVIL AGENCIES LIKE NASA. 1632 01:03:05,882 --> 01:03:08,918 AND IT HAS MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS 1633 01:03:08,918 --> 01:03:09,318 POTENTIAL. 1634 01:03:09,318 --> 01:03:10,987 >> WE HAVE ANOTHER QUESTION IN 1635 01:03:10,987 --> 01:03:13,356 THE ROOM. 1636 01:03:13,356 --> 01:03:14,757 >> LISA GONZALEZ, FROM THE VICE. 1637 01:03:14,757 --> 01:03:16,559 I HAVE A QUESTION, ONCE YOU HAVE 1638 01:03:16,559 --> 01:03:18,194 THE INFORMATION, AND SAY IN 1639 01:03:18,194 --> 01:03:21,030 NATURAL DISASTER, WHAT ARE YOU 1640 01:03:21,030 --> 01:03:22,298 LOOKING FOR? 1641 01:03:22,298 --> 01:03:23,399 HOW DOES THE INFORMATION HELP 1642 01:03:23,399 --> 01:03:26,469 YOU, HELP THE ARMY, HELP ANYONE 1643 01:03:26,469 --> 01:03:28,437 MAKE CHANGE OR DO SOMETHING 1644 01:03:28,437 --> 01:03:28,771 GOOD? 1645 01:03:28,771 --> 01:03:30,673 >> ONE ASPECT WOULD BE, IF YOU 1646 01:03:30,673 --> 01:03:33,709 HAVE AN OBJECTIVE SYSTEM, AND 1647 01:03:33,709 --> 01:03:35,511 HAD A CONSTELLATION. 1648 01:03:35,511 --> 01:03:39,749 AND YOU COULD MONITOR THE -- 1649 01:03:39,749 --> 01:03:41,450 MONITOR THE SITUATION AND 1650 01:03:41,450 --> 01:03:44,654 PROVIDE CHANGES TO THE PEOPLE 1651 01:03:44,654 --> 01:03:47,857 TRYING TO ADDRESS IT MORE 1652 01:03:47,857 --> 01:03:48,758 RAPIDLY 1653 01:03:48,758 --> 01:03:50,660 >> YOU KNOW, YOU'VE PROBABLY 1654 01:03:50,660 --> 01:03:51,761 HEARD OF THE COMMERCIAL 1655 01:03:51,761 --> 01:03:54,130 APPLICATIONS IMAGERY, WHERE THEY 1656 01:03:54,130 --> 01:03:57,333 WILL MONITOR A PARKING LOT IN A 1657 01:03:57,333 --> 01:03:58,234 COMMERCIAL COMPANY. 1658 01:03:58,234 --> 01:04:00,169 USE THE PROGRESSION OF THE 1659 01:04:00,169 --> 01:04:02,038 PARKING LOT OVER A PERIOD OF 1660 01:04:02,038 --> 01:04:04,740 DAYS, MONTHS AND EVEN YEARS TO 1661 01:04:04,740 --> 01:04:06,342 DETERMINE, THE BUSINESS GROWING, 1662 01:04:06,342 --> 01:04:07,276 IS IT SHRINKING. 1663 01:04:07,276 --> 01:04:08,878 THERE'S LOTS OF APPLICATIONS 1664 01:04:08,878 --> 01:04:09,478 LIKE THAT. 1665 01:04:09,478 --> 01:04:11,480 FROM A MILITARY STANDPOINT, 1666 01:04:11,480 --> 01:04:12,615 CERTAINLY TRYING TO UNDERSTAND 1667 01:04:12,615 --> 01:04:14,417 WHAT THE CONDITION IS IN AN AREA 1668 01:04:14,417 --> 01:04:16,552 WHERE THE ARMY MIGHT BE 1669 01:04:16,552 --> 01:04:18,487 OPERATING AND BEING ABLE TO KNOW 1670 01:04:18,487 --> 01:04:18,921 FREQUENTLY. 1671 01:04:18,921 --> 01:04:23,426 THE KEY IS TO HAVE RAPID REFRESH 1672 01:04:23,426 --> 01:04:26,295 OF THE INFORMATION IS HE IT'S 1673 01:04:26,295 --> 01:04:26,729 NOT STALE. 1674 01:04:26,729 --> 01:04:30,166 >> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS IN THE 1675 01:04:30,166 --> 01:04:31,400 ROOM? 1676 01:04:31,400 --> 01:04:32,435 ALL RIGHT. 1677 01:04:32,435 --> 01:04:35,271 THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN. 1678 01:04:35,271 --> 01:04:35,705 >> THANK YOU. 1679 01:04:35,705 --> 01:04:39,008 [ APPLAUSE ] 1680 01:04:39,008 --> 01:04:40,977 >> AND LAST BUT CERTAINLY NOT 1681 01:04:40,977 --> 01:04:42,712 LEAST, WE HAVE A GROUP HERE TO 1682 01:04:42,712 --> 01:04:44,180 TALK TO US FROM THE BOY SCOUTS 1683 01:04:44,180 --> 01:04:44,947 OF AMERICA. 1684 01:04:44,947 --> 01:04:47,016 WE HAVE ELLIOT LEE, WHO WAS A 1685 01:04:47,016 --> 01:04:49,719 SCOUT WITH TROOP 209, ANDREW 1686 01:04:49,719 --> 01:04:53,289 FRANK, SCOUT WITH TROOP 209, AND 1687 01:04:53,289 --> 01:04:57,393 NORMAN McFARLAND, TEAM LEADER 1688 01:04:57,393 --> 01:05:09,138 ALSO WITH BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA. 1689 01:05:09,138 --> 01:05:13,509 >> HELLO, MY NAME IS ELLIOT LEE. 1690 01:05:13,509 --> 01:05:15,311 FIRST SLIDE PLEASE. 1691 01:05:15,311 --> 01:05:16,712 I'M GOING TO BE TALKING TO YOU 1692 01:05:16,712 --> 01:05:18,281 ABOUT THE EXPERIMENT. 1693 01:05:18,281 --> 01:05:22,285 I WILL INTRODUCE YOU TO WHAT WE 1694 01:05:22,285 --> 01:05:23,653 ARE ABOUT TO DO. 1695 01:05:23,653 --> 01:05:25,855 COULD WE HAVE THE FIRST SLIDE? 1696 01:05:25,855 --> 01:05:28,557 SO OUR EXPERIMENT IS WE'RE GOING 1697 01:05:28,557 --> 01:05:32,528 TO USE AN ORGANISM, 1698 01:05:32,528 --> 01:05:33,562 NONCANCER-CAUSING SUBSTANCE AND 1699 01:05:33,562 --> 01:05:35,798 WE'RE GOING TO USE THAT TO 1700 01:05:35,798 --> 01:05:37,733 MEASURE THE TIME, MUTATION RATE 1701 01:05:37,733 --> 01:05:40,202 ON THE MICRO GRAVITY, VERSUS 1702 01:05:40,202 --> 01:05:41,304 GRAVITY ON EARTH. 1703 01:05:41,304 --> 01:05:43,806 THIS COULD BE ACTUALLY A HUGE 1704 01:05:43,806 --> 01:05:48,144 IMPACT ON HUMAN TISSUE 1705 01:05:48,144 --> 01:05:49,612 GROWTH/CANCER RESEARCH. 1706 01:05:49,612 --> 01:05:51,981 THE AIMS TEST IS ORIGINALLY USED 1707 01:05:51,981 --> 01:05:57,053 WITH AN ORGANISM AND A SUSPECTED 1708 01:05:57,053 --> 01:05:59,188 CANCER-CAUSING SUBSTANCE AND -- 1709 01:05:59,188 --> 01:06:01,324 BUT OUR, WE USED THE DIRECT 1710 01:06:01,324 --> 01:06:02,191 OPPOSITE OF THAT. 1711 01:06:02,191 --> 01:06:04,360 WE USE ADD KNOWN CANCER CAUSING 1712 01:06:04,360 --> 01:06:06,996 SUBSTANCE TO MEASURE THE RATE 1713 01:06:06,996 --> 01:06:09,165 BETWEEN EARTH'S GRAVITY AND 1714 01:06:09,165 --> 01:06:11,100 SPACE GRAVITY. 1715 01:06:11,100 --> 01:06:12,034 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 1716 01:06:12,034 --> 01:06:15,338 SO AS YOU COULD SEE, WE HAVE 1717 01:06:15,338 --> 01:06:18,174 DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND 1718 01:06:18,174 --> 01:06:23,479 EACH CONCENTRATION HAS DIFFERENT 1719 01:06:23,479 --> 01:06:28,184 MUTATION RATES. 1720 01:06:28,184 --> 01:06:30,553 ALSO, SOME OF THE AIMS TEST 1721 01:06:30,553 --> 01:06:32,788 COULD ORIGINALLY BE USED AND 1722 01:06:32,788 --> 01:06:35,157 SOME OF THE CONCENTRATIONS THAT 1723 01:06:35,157 --> 01:06:42,298 IT USES, IS 4 NQU ALSO KNOWN AS 1724 01:06:42,298 --> 01:06:54,777 NITRO CHROMIUM OXIDE. 1725 01:06:54,777 --> 01:06:56,579 AND OUR ACCOUNT -- NO, NOT 1726 01:06:56,579 --> 01:06:56,979 ACCOUNT. 1727 01:06:59,849 --> 01:07:02,118 YEAH, WE USED, OUR 1728 01:07:02,118 --> 01:07:06,689 CONCENTRATIONS ARE 1-2, 1-4, 1729 01:07:06,689 --> 01:07:09,091 1-8, AND SO ON, UNTIL 164. 1730 01:07:09,091 --> 01:07:12,628 SOME OF THE ORIGINAL DESIGNS, WE 1731 01:07:12,628 --> 01:07:15,231 WERE GOING TO USE ENTIRELY A 1732 01:07:15,231 --> 01:07:17,066 WALL PLATE BUT THAT WAS TOO 1733 01:07:17,066 --> 01:07:17,400 HARD. 1734 01:07:17,400 --> 01:07:19,468 WE WERE GOING TO MAKE IT 1735 01:07:19,468 --> 01:07:21,570 CIRCULAR, BUT THAT WAS ALSO TOO 1736 01:07:21,570 --> 01:07:22,171 HARD. 1737 01:07:22,171 --> 01:07:26,242 WE MADE AN OCTAGON, AND WE MADE 1738 01:07:26,242 --> 01:07:28,677 A 5 X 14 PLATE. 1739 01:07:28,677 --> 01:07:32,515 AND NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 1740 01:07:32,515 --> 01:07:36,752 YES, SO IN THIS SLIDE, AFTER THE 1741 01:07:36,752 --> 01:07:38,621 TEST, WE ARE GOING TO BE 1742 01:07:38,621 --> 01:07:40,389 REVIEWING THE PICTURES AND ONCE 1743 01:07:40,389 --> 01:07:42,158 WE REVIEW THE PICTURES, WE WILL 1744 01:07:42,158 --> 01:07:44,226 LOG THEM BY HOURS AND WE WILL 1745 01:07:44,226 --> 01:07:46,095 COUNT BY HOW MANY MUTATION CELLS 1746 01:07:46,095 --> 01:07:46,996 HAVE HAPPENED. 1747 01:07:46,996 --> 01:07:51,133 WE HAVE TO TAKE NOTE OF THE 1748 01:07:51,133 --> 01:07:52,868 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT AROUND IT. 1749 01:07:52,868 --> 01:07:55,805 HERE'S THE THREE SENSORS, 1750 01:07:55,805 --> 01:07:57,540 HUMIDITY SENSOR AND THEN THE 1751 01:07:57,540 --> 01:07:59,875 LIGHT SENSOR AND THEN THE 1752 01:07:59,875 --> 01:08:00,709 RADIATION SENSOR. 1753 01:08:00,709 --> 01:08:03,012 WE HAVE TO TAKE NOTE OF EACH 1754 01:08:03,012 --> 01:08:04,613 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT, TO SEE HOW 1755 01:08:04,613 --> 01:08:06,415 EACH AFFECTS THE MUTATION RATE. 1756 01:08:06,415 --> 01:08:10,786 THEY WILL BE LOGGED TO OUR SD 1757 01:08:10,786 --> 01:08:11,587 CARD. 1758 01:08:11,587 --> 01:08:12,855 SC BOARD. 1759 01:08:12,855 --> 01:08:15,124 ONCE THESE ARE LOGGED. 1760 01:08:15,124 --> 01:08:17,560 WE WILL TEST OUR HYPOTHESIS. 1761 01:08:17,560 --> 01:08:25,100 OUR HYPE -- HYPOTHESIS. 1762 01:08:25,100 --> 01:08:29,238 AND I WILL PASS IT ON TO ANDREW. 1763 01:08:29,238 --> 01:08:33,542 >> AND BASICALLY, WE HAVE THE 1764 01:08:33,542 --> 01:08:34,176 SENSORS 1765 01:08:34,176 --> 01:08:36,512 WE ARE TRYING TO GET THE DATA 1766 01:08:36,512 --> 01:08:39,114 BACK TO WE CAN RUN A TEST ON 1767 01:08:39,114 --> 01:08:40,382 EARTH AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE 1768 01:08:40,382 --> 01:08:42,151 RUNNING IN THE INTERNATIONAL 1769 01:08:42,151 --> 01:08:44,420 SPACE STATION, IN TERMS OF 1770 01:08:44,420 --> 01:08:44,787 GRAVITY. 1771 01:08:44,787 --> 01:08:47,289 THAT'S WHY WE HAD SO MANY 1772 01:08:47,289 --> 01:08:47,857 SENSORS. 1773 01:08:47,857 --> 01:08:49,525 WE HAD SO MANY SENSORS WE HAD TO 1774 01:08:49,525 --> 01:08:51,927 USE IN INTEGRATED INFORMATION 1775 01:08:51,927 --> 01:08:54,997 SYSTEM, BECAUSE WE DIDN'T HAVE 1776 01:08:54,997 --> 01:09:01,203 ENOUGH INPUT FROM THE NASA 1777 01:09:01,203 --> 01:09:03,272 BOARD. 1778 01:09:03,272 --> 01:09:07,810 NEXT SLIDE, PLEASE. 1779 01:09:07,810 --> 01:09:11,547 THE ORGANISM WE'RE USING, WE 1780 01:09:11,547 --> 01:09:16,185 FROZE IT TO NEGATIVE 20 CELSIUS 1781 01:09:16,185 --> 01:09:16,552 FREEZER. 1782 01:09:16,552 --> 01:09:19,588 THAT'S TO INSURE THE EXPERIMENT 1783 01:09:19,588 --> 01:09:22,925 DOESN'T BEGIN BEFORE IT GETS TO 1784 01:09:22,925 --> 01:09:23,759 THE SPACE STATION. 1785 01:09:23,759 --> 01:09:30,499 AND AS YOU COULD SEE, THAT'S OUR 1786 01:09:30,499 --> 01:09:30,933 NESSIE BOARD. 1787 01:09:30,933 --> 01:09:33,836 AND WE'RE SOUGHTERING, IT AND 1788 01:09:33,836 --> 01:09:35,938 THAT'S CAUSING A THE LO OF 1789 01:09:35,938 --> 01:09:36,272 DAMAGE. 1790 01:09:36,272 --> 01:09:38,274 WE HAVE A CIRCUIT BOARD THAT 1791 01:09:38,274 --> 01:09:39,909 HOLDS TWO CAMERAS AND THE 1792 01:09:39,909 --> 01:09:42,945 SENSORS TO MONITOR ENVIRONMENTAL 1793 01:09:42,945 --> 01:09:45,781 VARIABLES WITHIN THE CHAMBER, AS 1794 01:09:45,781 --> 01:09:47,082 YOU COULD SEE HERE. 1795 01:09:47,082 --> 01:09:49,418 IF YOU GOED TO NEXT SLIDE, YOU 1796 01:09:49,418 --> 01:09:51,153 COULD ALSO SEE THIS OTHER CUSTOM 1797 01:09:51,153 --> 01:09:54,356 BOARD THAT WE'VE CREATED. 1798 01:09:54,356 --> 01:09:56,058 AND THAT CONNECTS EVERYTHING. 1799 01:09:56,058 --> 01:09:58,394 IT REALLY CLEANED UP THE WIRES 1800 01:09:58,394 --> 01:09:59,028 FOR US. 1801 01:09:59,028 --> 01:10:02,431 IF YOU GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, YOU 1802 01:10:02,431 --> 01:10:04,233 COULD SEE -- THIS IS A SKETCH. 1803 01:10:04,233 --> 01:10:08,203 WE TESTED A BUNCH OF MOTORS TO 1804 01:10:08,203 --> 01:10:09,772 FIND THE PERFECT ONE THAT WORKED 1805 01:10:09,772 --> 01:10:10,506 WITH THE TEST. 1806 01:10:10,506 --> 01:10:12,241 THIS IS JUST A SKETCH OF ONE OF 1807 01:10:12,241 --> 01:10:14,543 THE ASSEMBLIES WE USE FOR 1808 01:10:14,543 --> 01:10:15,477 TESTING IT. 1809 01:10:15,477 --> 01:10:17,479 IF YOU GO TO THE NEXT SLIDE, YOU 1810 01:10:17,479 --> 01:10:18,948 COULD SEE THAT WE'RE NOT THE 1811 01:10:18,948 --> 01:10:20,349 ONLY PEOPLE WORKING ON THIS. 1812 01:10:20,349 --> 01:10:22,484 THERE'S A WHOLE TEAM BEHIND IT. 1813 01:10:22,484 --> 01:10:23,485 YOU COULD SEE US. 1814 01:10:23,485 --> 01:10:33,095 WE TOOK A PICTURE WITH MARK POLL 1815 01:10:33,095 --> 01:10:33,495 POLLENSKI. 1816 01:10:33,495 --> 01:10:35,331 IF YOU GO TO THE FINAL SLIDE, 1817 01:10:35,331 --> 01:10:38,267 YOU COULD SEE OUR SPONSORS, 1818 01:10:38,267 --> 01:10:40,436 LINKED TO THE LINK, FOR HELPING 1819 01:10:40,436 --> 01:10:41,370 US OUT. 1820 01:10:41,370 --> 01:10:45,040 AND NOW PASSING IT TO OUR ADULT 1821 01:10:45,040 --> 01:10:48,410 LEADER, MR. McFARLAND. 1822 01:10:51,413 --> 01:10:53,782 >> AS PROJECT LEADER, I COULDN'T 1823 01:10:53,782 --> 01:10:55,384 BE MORE PROUD OF THE BOYS. 1824 01:10:55,384 --> 01:10:59,288 THEY STARTED OFF AS A BUNCH OF 1825 01:10:59,288 --> 01:11:01,123 BRIGHT EYED SCHOOL STUDENTS. 1826 01:11:01,123 --> 01:11:05,427 NOW THEY ARE SELF-STARTING, 1827 01:11:05,427 --> 01:11:07,696 PROBLEM SOLVING, YOUNG 1828 01:11:07,696 --> 01:11:08,097 ENGINEERS. 1829 01:11:08,097 --> 01:11:11,934 THEY'VE DONE A PHENOMENAL JOB. 1830 01:11:11,934 --> 01:11:13,636 FOR THOSE THAT THINK SCOUTING IS 1831 01:11:13,636 --> 01:11:18,107 ALL ABOUT CAMPING, OR CAMPFIRES 1832 01:11:18,107 --> 01:11:21,777 OR KNOT TYING OR WHATEVER ELSE 1833 01:11:21,777 --> 01:11:24,513 YOUR PRECONCEIVED NOTION, AND 1834 01:11:24,513 --> 01:11:27,282 MAYBE YOU COULD SEE NOW WE DO 1835 01:11:27,282 --> 01:11:29,251 SOME STEM STUFF ONCE IN A WHILE. 1836 01:11:29,251 --> 01:11:32,287 WE ACTUALLY OFFER OVER 60 BADGES 1837 01:11:32,287 --> 01:11:34,823 IN THE SCIENCE OF SCIENCE, 1838 01:11:34,823 --> 01:11:36,091 ENGINEERING, MATH AREA. 1839 01:11:36,091 --> 01:11:43,799 IN ADDITION, WE HAVE SEVERAL 1840 01:11:43,799 --> 01:11:45,167 NOVICE AWARDS. 1841 01:11:45,167 --> 01:11:47,069 AND BEYOND THAT, ONCE YOU HAVE 1842 01:11:47,069 --> 01:11:50,839 NOVO AWARDS, YOU COULD WIN SUPER 1843 01:11:50,839 --> 01:11:52,841 NOVO AWARDS, THAT BELONGS TO 1844 01:11:52,841 --> 01:11:55,110 YOUR COLLEGE RESUME, AS A 1845 01:11:55,110 --> 01:11:57,079 SIGNIFICANT EVENT THERE. 1846 01:11:57,079 --> 01:12:00,149 SO OUR TEAM WOULD LIKE TO THANK 1847 01:12:00,149 --> 01:12:03,719 NASA FOR THE TV TIME. 1848 01:12:03,719 --> 01:12:07,322 CASES, TEXAS A&M, UNIVERSITY FOR 1849 01:12:07,322 --> 01:12:09,958 SPONSORING THIS TEAM. 1850 01:12:09,958 --> 01:12:14,697 AND GENERAL CONNECTICS, EBPI WAS 1851 01:12:14,697 --> 01:12:17,466 OUR BIOLOGY SOURCE AND SPARK 1852 01:12:17,466 --> 01:12:19,401 FUND FOR MANY OF THE SENSORS YOU 1853 01:12:19,401 --> 01:12:20,869 SAW HERE. 1854 01:12:20,869 --> 01:12:21,970 FINALLY, WE HAVE A SPECIAL 1855 01:12:21,970 --> 01:12:30,245 THANKS GOING OUT TO TWO PEOPLE, 1856 01:12:30,245 --> 01:12:35,951 MAN ELDER AND LISA EARLY, WHO 1857 01:12:35,951 --> 01:12:39,121 WERE NASA COUNSELORS. 1858 01:12:39,121 --> 01:12:45,728 WE WANT TO THANK OUR SPONSORING, 1859 01:12:45,728 --> 01:12:49,364 FIRST METHODIST CHURCH IN 1860 01:12:49,364 --> 01:12:49,765 ILLINOIS. 1861 01:12:49,765 --> 01:12:50,899 THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME. 1862 01:12:50,899 --> 01:12:53,268 >> THANK YOU FOR YOUR 1863 01:12:53,268 --> 01:12:54,503 PRESENTATION. 1864 01:12:54,503 --> 01:12:56,438 DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FROM 1865 01:12:56,438 --> 01:13:00,342 THE AUDIENCE FROM THE BOYS 1866 01:13:00,342 --> 01:13:01,009 SCOUTS. 1867 01:13:01,009 --> 01:13:02,644 DO WE HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FROM 1868 01:13:02,644 --> 01:13:03,779 SOCIAL MEDIA? 1869 01:13:03,779 --> 01:13:04,713 WE HAVE ONE QUESTION. 1870 01:13:04,713 --> 01:13:06,482 WAIT FOR THE MICROPHONE? 1871 01:13:06,482 --> 01:13:09,718 >> I'M CURIOUS, HOW LONG DOES IT 1872 01:13:09,718 --> 01:13:11,954 TAKE YOU GUYS FROM THE IDEA, TO 1873 01:13:11,954 --> 01:13:15,090 DO THIS, TO WHY YOU ARE NOW? 1874 01:13:15,090 --> 01:13:16,492 >> IT'S BEEN ABOUT 2 1/2 YEARS 1875 01:13:16,492 --> 01:13:18,594 SINCE WE STARTED. 1876 01:13:18,594 --> 01:13:21,964 >> JUST BEYOND THAT, SOME OF 1877 01:13:21,964 --> 01:13:24,900 THAT WAS -- WE WERE GOING TO FLY 1878 01:13:24,900 --> 01:13:27,803 OUR UNIT TO SPACE FROZEN AND WE 1879 01:13:27,803 --> 01:13:30,806 HAD A COUPLE OF LAUNCHES THAT 1880 01:13:30,806 --> 01:13:32,241 DIDN'T -- THAT WOULDN'T HAVE A 1881 01:13:32,241 --> 01:13:34,643 FREEZER OF THE PROPER 1882 01:13:34,643 --> 01:13:35,811 TEMPERATURES. 1883 01:13:35,811 --> 01:13:37,446 SO THAT WASN'T ALL JUST TAKING 1884 01:13:37,446 --> 01:13:41,350 THAT LONG, BUT WE USED THE TIME 1885 01:13:41,350 --> 01:13:42,751 WHEN WE GOT IT. 1886 01:13:42,751 --> 01:13:44,620 >> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS IN THE 1887 01:13:44,620 --> 01:13:44,953 ROOM? 1888 01:13:44,953 --> 01:13:48,490 >> HI, MY NAME IS MURRIAL. 1889 01:13:48,490 --> 01:13:51,627 I WAS WONDERING WHAT INSPIRED 1890 01:13:51,627 --> 01:13:54,930 YOU TO CHOOSING YOUR PRODUCT? 1891 01:13:54,930 --> 01:13:57,666 >> SO I HAVE A CAREER PATH THAT 1892 01:13:57,666 --> 01:14:01,270 I WANT TO SHARE WITH YOU. 1893 01:14:01,270 --> 01:14:04,907 ACTUALLY, I KIND OF WANTED TO BE 1894 01:14:04,907 --> 01:14:07,276 AN ENGINEER IN THE U.S. ARMY. 1895 01:14:07,276 --> 01:14:09,378 THIS PROJECT REALLY INSPIRED ME 1896 01:14:09,378 --> 01:14:11,213 TO DO THAT SORT OF CAREER PATH. 1897 01:14:11,213 --> 01:14:13,749 SO I JUST WANTED TO LEARN MORE 1898 01:14:13,749 --> 01:14:15,551 ABOUT SUCH THINGS AND IT REALLY 1899 01:14:15,551 --> 01:14:20,722 HELPED ME OUT AS A LIFE LESSON. 1900 01:14:20,722 --> 01:14:22,491 >> I'M SORRY, WERE YOU ASKING 1901 01:14:22,491 --> 01:14:24,726 HOW EACH OF THE BOYS CHOSE TO BE 1902 01:14:24,726 --> 01:14:26,295 ON THE TEAM OR WERE YOU ASKING 1903 01:14:26,295 --> 01:14:30,432 HOW WE CHOSE THIS PARTICULAR 1904 01:14:30,432 --> 01:14:33,535 EXPERIMENT TO RUN? 1905 01:14:33,535 --> 01:14:36,672 >> WE WENT TO THE TROOP. 1906 01:14:36,672 --> 01:14:37,973 >> I'M SORRY 1907 01:14:37,973 --> 01:14:40,075 >> YES, WE WENT TO THE TROOP. 1908 01:14:40,075 --> 01:14:42,778 IT'S A PRETTY BIG TROOP, AROUND 1909 01:14:42,778 --> 01:14:44,179 100 KIDS IN IT. 1910 01:14:44,179 --> 01:14:46,448 WE ASKED THEM TO SUBMIT THEIR 1911 01:14:46,448 --> 01:14:48,584 IDEAS, AND SO, WE SPENT A LOT OF 1912 01:14:48,584 --> 01:14:50,652 TIME JUST FILTERING THROUGH ALL 1913 01:14:50,652 --> 01:14:51,720 THE IDEAS. 1914 01:14:51,720 --> 01:14:55,591 WE ENDED UP WITH ABOUT 4 AT THE 1915 01:14:55,591 --> 01:14:57,993 END; RIGHT? AND THEN WE ACTUALLY 1916 01:14:57,993 --> 01:14:59,461 COMBINED TWO OF THE SUGGESTIONS 1917 01:14:59,461 --> 01:15:04,132 TO GET OUR EXPERIMENT AS IT IS 1918 01:15:04,132 --> 01:15:04,433 NOW. 1919 01:15:04,433 --> 01:15:06,335 >> WE STARTED WITH 84 1920 01:15:06,335 --> 01:15:08,203 SUGGESTIONS BETWEEN BOYS AND 1921 01:15:08,203 --> 01:15:09,872 ADULTS IN A NIGHT. 1922 01:15:09,872 --> 01:15:12,040 AND IT TOOK US ABOUT TWO MORE 1923 01:15:12,040 --> 01:15:14,176 NIGHTS TO FILTER THROUGH THOSE. 1924 01:15:14,176 --> 01:15:17,846 WE DID SOME RATHER TRICKY, GET 1925 01:15:17,846 --> 01:15:19,514 THEM THROUGH QUICK FILTERING. 1926 01:15:19,514 --> 01:15:23,785 THIS IS WHAT CAME OUT OF IT 1927 01:15:23,785 --> 01:15:26,521 >> WE HAVE A QUESTION FROM 1928 01:15:26,521 --> 01:15:27,789 SOCIAL MEDIA 1929 01:15:27,789 --> 01:15:30,626 >> YEAH, THIS QUESTION ASKED, 1930 01:15:30,626 --> 01:15:32,327 WHAT IS THE SUSPECTED CANCER 1931 01:15:32,327 --> 01:15:33,829 CAUSING SUBSTANCE THAT YOU WILL 1932 01:15:33,829 --> 01:15:37,499 USE FOR THE EXPERIMENT? 1933 01:15:37,499 --> 01:15:45,307 >> 4 NITRO QUINNOLIN OXIDE. 1934 01:15:45,307 --> 01:15:48,477 >> WE WERE FORTUNATE TO HAVE AN 1935 01:15:48,477 --> 01:15:50,879 AVID MICROBIOLOGIST ON THE TEAM. 1936 01:15:50,879 --> 01:15:53,382 WE STARTED WITH SALMONELLA. 1937 01:15:53,382 --> 01:15:56,051 WE REALIZED ANY SCOUT THAT GOT 1938 01:15:56,051 --> 01:15:58,220 SICK IN THE NEXT SIX MONTHS, IT 1939 01:15:58,220 --> 01:16:00,555 WOULD BE OUR FAULT. 1940 01:16:00,555 --> 01:16:03,058 WE SWITCHED TO THE E.COLI AND 1941 01:16:03,058 --> 01:16:05,060 THAT BROUGHT US BACK TO THE 1942 01:16:05,060 --> 01:16:06,128 PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE. 1943 01:16:06,128 --> 01:16:11,266 >> ANY OTHER QUESTIONS IN THE 1944 01:16:11,266 --> 01:16:13,502 ROOM? 1945 01:16:13,502 --> 01:16:18,440 OKAY. THANK YOU, GENTLEMEN. 1946 01:16:18,440 --> 01:16:18,941 [ APPLAUSE ] 1947 01:16:18,941 --> 01:16:20,709 >> THANK YOU TO EVERYBODY WHO 1948 01:16:20,709 --> 01:16:22,444 JOINED US, IF YOU'RE FOLLOWING 1949 01:16:22,444 --> 01:16:23,845 ON LINE, OR IN THE ROOM. 1950 01:16:23,845 --> 01:16:24,279 THANK YOU. 1951 01:16:24,279 --> 01:16:26,915 WE'RE EXCITED TO GET READY FOR 1952 01:16:26,915 --> 01:16:29,584 TOMORROW'S TARGETED LAUNCH AT 1953 01:16:29,584 --> 01:16:32,087 12:31 P.M. EASTERN DAYLIGHT 1954 01:16:32,087 --> 01:16:32,788 TIME. 1955 01:16:32,788 --> 01:16:35,958 DON'T FORGET, 9:33 THIS EVENING, 1956 01:16:35,958 --> 01:16:38,193 IF YOU ARE HERE IN FLORIDA SPACE 1957 01:16:38,193 --> 01:16:38,527 COAST. 1958 01:16:38,527 --> 01:16:40,562 LOOK OUT FOR THE STATION TO GO 1959 01:16:40,562 --> 01:16:40,963 OVERHEAD.